Complete 5 page APA formatted essay: Methods and Biological, Anatomical, and Neuroscie.Download file to see previous pages... (PTED is manifested after life events that are traumatic and cause a sense

Complete 5 page APA formatted essay: Methods and Biological, Anatomical, and Neuroscie.

(PTED is manifested after life events that are traumatic and cause a sense of helplessness to the individual who has to cope with events of injustice, humiliation and frustration. The first case of embitterment disorder a rose after the Germany reunification. Patients with PTED show distinct psychopathological features(Linden, Baumann, Liereberei, &amp. Rotter ,2007).The history of Embitterment disorder began a decade ago, it is considered a rather new disorder and is not yet registered in the International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems(ICD-10) ( Linden, M., &amp. Maercker, A. (2011). Post traumatic Embitterment disorder is the latest mental disorder that is being considered for inclusion in the DSM-V a body of information used by psychiatrists and therapists in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders the symptoms for PTED include prolonged feelings of embitterment, intrusive thoughts, feelings of dejection, suicidal thoughts and homicidal thoughts. The unique aspect of PTED is that it gives a phenomenon that is common universallysince it manifests itself in people who keep grudges, angry commenter’s on internet and even stalkers (Snyder, 2011). To enable better understanding of PTED, professor Linden carried out research studies on different aspects of the disorder. Linden used the PTED self-rating scale to determine the severity of embitterment and associated psychological symptoms and reactions to negative events (Linden, Baumann, Liereberei, &amp. Rotter, 2007). Diagnosis The diagnostic features of PTED is the development of emotional symptoms following a normal negative life event like unemployment, bankruptcy, divorce or a combination of some. PTED is similar to post traumatic Stress Disorder except that PTSD patients suffer intense fear and anxiety after the event where as the PTED patients were mentally healthy until a triggering event reminded them of what they went through. PTED patients feel wronged and humiliated and that injustice has been done to them (GrrlScientist, 2009). The diagnostic criteria for Post traumatic Embitterment disorder is the significant emotional or behavioral symptoms that arise following a commonly normal negative event in life and the traumatic event can be experienced in a number of ways including. the victim knows about the event and sees it as the cause of illness, he perceives the event as unjust, as an insult, and as a humiliation, the person responds to the negative events with excessive embitterment, rage, and helplessness, and whenever they are reminded of the event, they react with emotional arousal. The characteristic symptoms include recurring episodes of intrusive memories as well as a decline change in mental state as a whole. The illness also impairs daily activities and symptoms persist for more that 6months (Life. space, 2011). Method To explore the prevalence rate for embitterment disorder, the PTED scale by Linden was given to four samples. The PTED scale constitutes of 19 items designed to ass’s features of embitterment reactions to negative events. There were four samples involved, The Train sample (TS), unselected patients (UP), the PTED and the control group. In the four samples, the frequency of occurrence and intensity of embitterment was noted.