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Complete 8 page APA formatted essay: Principle of Management.As production increased with the introduction of large scale machines in the manufacturing plants, the need to think of better ways to opti
Complete 8 page APA formatted essay: Principle of Management.
As production increased with the introduction of large scale machines in the manufacturing plants, the need to think of better ways to optimize workforce and limited resources gave birth to the scientific theory of management. Famous thinkers of scientific management are. Adam Smith with his pin theory and invisible hand- Adam Smith was the first management thinker who thought of the effects of industrial revolution. In his quest to look for better way to improve production, he introduced the factory system where a worker is only assigned to perform only one or few tasks to perform compared to the old system of craft-style manufacturing where workers are tasks to do everything. As a result of the introduction of Adam Smith’s factory system, manufacturing production significantly improved with each worker producing 48,000 pins per day compared to a mere few thousand production with the old system. This was a result of job specialization and division of labor for better organizational performance and increased efficiency. Adam Smith also first took notice the self regulating nature of the market called “the invisible hand” where market forces will determine competition (Smith, 1776). Friedrich Wilhelm Taylor (1856-1915) – introduced scientific management or quantification of production in the manufacturing plant. ...
Taylor’s management principles can thus be summarized as follows(Taylor, 1911). Study the way workers perform their tasks, gather all informational job knowledge that workers possess, and experiment with ways of improving how tasks are performed. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures. Carefully select workers who possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures. Establish a fair or acceptable level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provides a reward for performance above the acceptable level (nd). Ford – pioneered the assembly line and linked people and work by the speed of the production line through the conveyor belt. Ford’s principles of assembly line are as follows (Anon). Place the tools and the men in the sequence of operation so that each component shall travel the least possible distance in the process of finishing. Use work slides or some other form of carrier so that when a workman complete his operation, he drops the part always in the same place – which place must always be the most convenient place to his hand – and if possible have gravity carry the part to the next workman for his operation. Use sling assembly lines by which the parts to be assembled are delivered at a convenient distances (nd). Frank (1868-1924) and Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) – followers of Taylor who refined Taylor’s analysis of work movements and made many contributions to time-and-motion study.
