Compose a 1250 words essay on Exam 2: Introduction to Psychology. Needs to be plagiarism free!Ivan Pavlov played a major role of distinguishing behaviorism from psychoanalytic and Gestalt movement alt

Compose a 1250 words essay on Exam 2: Introduction to Psychology. Needs to be plagiarism free!

Ivan Pavlov played a major role of distinguishing behaviorism from psychoanalytic and Gestalt movement although he did not agree with the behaviorists. Pavlov’s research on classical condition influenced Skinner, which led him to conduct several behaviorism researches on operant conditioning (Malott, 2008). Ivan Pavlov discovered that dogs salivate when the bell rang. Even without providing the food itself, the sound of the ringing bell was enough to make the dogs salivate. Ivan concluded that the food was the unconditioned response that made the dogs salivates on hearing the sound of a bell (Pavlov, 1927-1960). He also concluded that the sound of a bell was the conditioned stimulus since it is only when the bell rang did the dogs starts salivating. On the other hand operant conditioning focuses on influences of positive and negative behavior in association to voluntary and involuntary stimulus.

Stimulation of learning environment is possible by proving a wide variety of instruction methods, learning materials, and presentation styles. Grades in school have external motivation value if they are well planned in consideration of the motivation theory. Reinforcement is another external motivational component. The proponent of this approach B.F Skinner identified different types of reinforcement. According to Skinner positive reinforcement, which are regarded as rewards, have the ability to increase the probability of a given behavior. Negative reinforcement on the other hand is consequences that increase the probability of a given behavior by removing or reducing some negative stimuli. Skinner defines punishment as the unpleasant consequences that decrease the probability of a given behavior. The instructors work is simple regarding the above-suggested definitions according to B.F Skinner. Classical conditioning occurs when a certain stimulus is involved to evoke a certain response. However, both of