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Compose a 1500 words assignment on new loci for genetic resistance to malaria in humans. Needs to be plagiarism free!
Compose a 1500 words assignment on new loci for genetic resistance to malaria in humans. Needs to be plagiarism free! The severe form of the condition is the one caused by P. falciparum which is prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some overlapping clinical syndromes that indicate the severe form includes severe anemia (SA) and cerebral malaria (CM) (World Health Organisation, 2000). The essay below refers to the GWAS approach to developing the strategies applied in the development of control for infectious diseases in humans.
According to Kwiatkowski (2005), the disease has been identified as a potent type in the human population. This is because genetic traits such as sickle cell variants have been proven to protect people from malaria. Some highly variant genes offer resistance to malaria e.g. sickle cell hemoglobin variant (Hb-S) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). This affirms that malaria resistance among humans is genetic (Hedrick, 2011). The response to the malarial parasite of the human body varies i.e. some people may succumb upon infection while others may survive. This variation is caused by genetic factors (Mackinnon et al., 2005). The prevalence of the disease has led to an increase in mutation in the human body to counter the negative effects of the disease. Snow et al., (2005) alludes that the malaria form caused by P. falciparum in endemic areas has led to a strong selective pressure among the human population. According to Mangano and Modiano, (2009), malarial severity differs due to mutations that occur in the erythrocytes harboring the malaria parasite in the viral pathogenesis. These mutations affect the nitric oxide metabolism, production, and maturation of malarial parasites. For instance, severe malaria is modulated by rate-limiting enzyme haem oxygenase I (HO-1).
Studies on the genetic make-up of the human body have been enhanced by the construction of a complete human genome. Enhanced genomic studies have been conducted globally to understand the variant traits of diseases and conditions such as diabetes .and/or malaria. The genome-wide studies include studies related to genome linkage and association. Genome-wide association studies are involved in the identification of the pathways influencing malaria, especially the severe form of malaria. Human chromosome 10 (10p15.3-14) and chromosome 13 (13q) have been identified by Timmann et al. (2012) to possess pronounced linkages to the severe malaria forms. Genome-wide association studies links individuals with common genetic variants to a host of diseases and traits. .
