Consider the following network topology with Mobile IP v4 support. Assume that all links are characterized by a processing delay of 5 ms / packet. Wired links are characterized by a capacity of F = 10

Consider the following network topology with Mobile IP v4 support. Assume that all links are characterized by a processing delay of 5 ms / packet. Wired links are characterized by a capacity of F = 10 Mbps (visible at L2 level) while wireless links of capacity W = 1 Mbps. As an approach, consider that the packet delay in the link is given by the d + S / F relation where S is the packet size including the L3 and above level headings. CN and MH nodes establish bi-directional VoIP (UDP / IP) communication at a rate of 16 kbps transmitting 40 packets / s. There are no periods of silence in communication. Ignoring the possible L2 overhead(headings and processing), calculate:

(i) the overhead size, i.e. the headings in all the packets transmitted to the nodes of the core network when (a) MN is in the home network (b) when MN is in the visited network (suppose IP tunneling)

(ii) Which are the one-way delays in upstream and downstream packets in the two cases of subquery (a). Assume that Foreign Agent (FA) and not MN, is a tunnel terminal and snaps in IP-in-IP traffic.

(iii) Which are the downstream handover delays(maximum, minimum, average) to migrate from the home network to the visited network. Suppose the agent's advertisement period is 3s. For simplicity, all MIP messages are S = 60 bytes including headings. WLAN handover at L2 level is assumed to be completed in 500 ms. Care-of-address is taken from the FA advertisement.

(iv) Calculate the number of lost packets in the downstream VoIP stream during the above transfers.