Deferred income taxes reect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for nancial reporting...

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Deferred income taxes reﬂect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for ﬁnancial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Signiﬁcant components ofour deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions): As at December 31, 2011 2012Deferred tax assets:Stock-based compensation expense $ 288 $ 311State taxes 138 184Capital loss mrryforward 285 236Settlement with the Authors Guild and AAP 35 28Vacation accruals 52 67Deferred rent 43 50Accruals and reserves not currently deductible 268 6813Acquired net operating losses 156 505Tax credit 55 274Basis difference in investment in Home business 0 2,043Other 11 1 28Total deferred tax assets 1,331 4,514Valuation allowance (333) (2,529)Total deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance 998 1,885Deferred tax liabilities:Depreciation and amortization (479) (761)Identiﬁed intangibles (393) (1 ,496)Unrealized gains on investments and other (90) (105)Other prepaids (70) (118)Other (33) (133)Total deferred tax liabilities (1,070) (2,613)Net deferred tax liabilities s (72) s (728) As of December 31, 2012, our federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $1,048 million, $333 million and $384 million. If not utilized, the federal net operating lossoarryforwards will begin to expire in 201T and the stale net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2013. The foreign net operating loss can be carried forward indeﬁnitely, however it is more likely than not that it will not be realized,therefore we have recorded a full valuation allowance. The net operating loss carryfonivards are subject to various annual limitations under Section 362 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar limitations under the tax laws of the foreignjurisdictions. As of December 31, 2012, our California research and development credit carryfonivards for income tax purposes were approximately $146 million that can be carried over indeﬁnitely. We believe it is more likely than not that a portion of the state tax credit will not be realized. Therefore, we have recorded a valuation allowance on the state tax credit carryfonivard in the amount of $130 million. We will reassess the valuation allowance quarterly and if future evidenceallows for a partial or full release of the valuation allowance, a tax beneﬁt will be recorded accordingly. M of December 31, 2012, our federal and state capital loss oarryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $483 million and $612 million. We also have deterred tax assets for impairment losses that, it recognized, will becapital in nature. We believe that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets for capital losses and impairment losses will not be realized. Therefore, we have recorded a valuation allowance on both our 9-: