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Describe the differences between middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertals.
Describe the differences between middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertals. Last: what about "classic Neandertals'" environment is assumed to help explain their morphological differences to other species? (Multiple answers)
- H. heidlebergensis has a mix of H. erectus and more dervied features which included a larger brain case, but it retained thicker browridges.
- Neanderal morphology is most often explained as an adaptation to tropical climates which required larger brains and more muscles to escape fast predators
- The Neanderal face projects outward with very little chin and a sloping backward forehead.
- The robusticity of Neanderals is assumed to be an adaptation to cold climate (like the theories about robusticty found in most H. erectus.)
- While H. heidlebergensis is robust, post-cranially (compared to H. sapiens) it is not as robust as Neandertals.
- Neanderal post-crania are thick bones which suggest a high proportion of muscle.
- H. heidelbergensis did not improve upon the tools of Neanderals
- H. heidelbergensis had flattened nasal bones (in the Asian premoderns) which was similar to Asian H. erectus -- but crania are larager than H. erectus
- Neanderal crania are larger than H. erectus and even larger than H. sapiens.
- H. heidlebergensis had a thinner crania, compared to H. erectus, but the crania base is more modern