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Document A The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798- passed by the Federalists Section 1.
Document A
The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798- passed by the Federalists
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States at any time during the continuance of this act, to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States, or shall have reasonable grounds to suspect are concerned in any treasonable or secret machinations against the government thereof, to depart out of the territory of the United Slates, within such time as shall be expressed in such order, which order shall be served on such alien by delivering him a copy thereof, or leaving the same at his usual abode, and returned to the office of the Secretary of State, by the marshal or other person to whom the same shall be directed.
Section 2.And be it farther enacted, That if any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause or procure to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid in writing, printing, uttering or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States, with intent to defame the said government, or either house of the said Congress, or the said President, or to bring them, or either of them, into contempt or disrepute; or to excite against them, or either or any of them, the hatred of the good people of the United States, or to stir up sedition within the United States, or to excite any unlawful combinations therein, for opposing or resisting any law of the United States, or any act of the President of the United States, done in pursuance of any such law, or of the powers in him vested by the constitution of the United States, or to resist, oppose, or defeat any such law or act, or to aid, encourage or abet any hostile designs of any foreign nation against United States, their people or government, then such person, being thereof convicted before any court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years.
Document B
Source: Virginia Resolutions, December 24, 1798- written secretly by Thomas Jefferson
... That the General Assembly doth particularly PROTEST against the palpable and alarming infractions of the constitution, in the two late cases of the " Alien and Sedition Acts, " passed at the last session of congress; the first of which exercises a power nowhere delegated to the Federal Government, and which, by uniting legislative and judicial powers to those of [the] executive, subverts the general principles of free government, as well as the particular organization and positive provisions of the Federal Constitution; and the other of which acts exercises, in like manner, a power not delegated by the Constitution, but, on the contrary, expressly and positively forbidden by one of the amendments thereto, -a power which, more than any other, ought to produce universal alarm, because it is leveled against the right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed the only effectual guardian of every other right.
Document C
The Kentucky Resolutions of 1799- written secretly by James Madison
... That this commonwealth does, under the most deliberate reconsideration, declare, that the said Alien and Sedition Laws are, in their opinion, palpable violations of the said Constitution; and, however cheerfully it may be disposed to surrender its opinion to a majority of its sister states, in matters of ordinary of doubtful policy, yet, in momentous regulations like the present, which so vitally wound the best rights of the citizen, it would consider a silent acquiescence as highly criminal.
Document D
Alexander Hamilton: For the Bank ( Feb. 23, 1791)
The only question must be, in this, as in every other case, whether the mean to be employed or, in this instance, the corporation to be erected, has a natural relation to any of the acknowledged objects of lawfully ends of the government. Thus a corporation may not be erected by Congress for superintending the police of the city of Philadelphia, because Congress is not authorized to regulate the police of that city. But one may be erected in relation to the collection of taxes, or to trade with foreign countries, or to trade between the states, or with Indian tribes; because it is the province of the federal government to regulate those objects, and because it is incident to a general sovereign or legislative power to regulate a thing. to employ all the means which relate to its regulation to the best and greatest advantage.
Document E
Thomas Jefferson: Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank, Feb. 15, 1791
I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground: That "all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people. " {XIIth amendment.] To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress, is to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition. The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, has not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution.
Document F
Hamilton Upholds Law Enforcement (1794)
The constitution you have ordained for yourselves and your posterity contains this express clause: "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imports, and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States... "You have, then, by a solemn and deliberate act, the most important and sacred that nation can perform, pronounced and decreed that your representatives in Congress shall have power to lay excises. You have done nothing since to reverse or impair that decree.
ESSAY: Using evidence from the documents, your overall goal will be to write a five paragraph essay addressing the following question:
Examine the different points of view that federalist Hamilton and anti-federalist Jefferson held regarding the role of the federal government and the nation's economy. Whose position do you most agree with, Hamilton's or Jefferson's? Support your decision using the documents as evidence.
Essay Outline Guide
- Paragraph 1- Introduce: Provide background information on both Hamilton and Jefferson. Include a Thesis Statement stating two issues pertaining to the government and the economy that Hamilton and Jefferson differed on.
Example of Thesis Statement; Hamilton and Jefferson were both brilliant thinkers, but they had very different political ideas on the passing of the Alien and Sedition Act, an economic plan for the new nation, the creation of a national bank, interpretation of the Constitution, etc.....
- Paragraph 2- Discuss and evaluate Hamilton's point of view on the role of the federal government on ( you choose a topic)... Cite key evidence from at least on document/text. Discuss and evaluate Jefferson's point of view on the same topic, also citing evidence from at least one document/text.
- Paragraph 3- Discuss and evaluate Hamilton's views on creating a National bank, citing evidence from at least one document/text. Discuss and evaluate Jefferson's view on creating a National Bank and cite evidence from at least one document/text.
- Paragraph 4- Choose a side. Which position would you have supported? Inform your readers why you would have supported the position chosen, citing evidence from documents/text.
- Paragraph 5- Conclusion: Conclude your paper with a closing statement briefly summarizing the differences between Hamilton and Jefferson.
