Each student will identify an emerging trend (it has to be something outside of Artificial Intelligence) in area of Information Systems and Technology supported by a minimum of three pieces of researc

Quantum Computing in Information Systems and Technology

IntroductionRecent advancements in technology have seen rapid rise of new trends in the Information Systems and Technology sector. Quantum Computing is a new generation concept in the field of computing science, uses the fundamental concepts of the quantum theory for computation. Unlike classical computers that acknowledged two enterprises, that is zero and one, quantum computers have qubits which can be in different spaces at the same time due to superposition (Huang et al., 2020). This capability enables quantum computers to tackle problems at a rate faster than the exponential rate of the classical computers. The other principle that allows functioning of this technology is the principle of superposition which allows two qubits to be coupled regardless of the space that divides them therefore providing unmatched computing speed. Quantum computing research has shifted from theory to experiments during the past ten years behind technological developments and increased funding. For instance, Google recently declared in August 2019 that they have attained the fog of quantum supremacy, indeed a quantum computer has solved a problem that no classical machine can solve (Gambetta et al., 2020). This have been done in order to show the relevance, impacts, limitations, and future development of quantum computing to prove that it is a revolutionizing technology in information systems and technology.

Current State of Quantum ComputingQuantum computing has advanced in recent years, the hardware progress and these unique and different algorithms. Researchers from companies like IBM, Google, and Microsoft have been implementing quantum processors with higher qubit numbers as well as enhanced error ratios. For instance, IBM’s Quantum System One provides enterprises and scientists with the cloud to explore quantum computing in several domains too narrow for classical computing, such as chemistry and optimization. Likewise, Google’s Sycamore processor did a remarkable computation in 2019 when it solved a mathematical problem in 200 seconds that would require a classical supercomputer 10, 000years. This advancement is not just unique to companies; governments globally are considering increased funding for quantum work. The European Union initiated its Quantum Technologies Flagship program the budget of which is expected to be over €1 billion for quantum development (European Commission, 2021). For instance, the USA has lagged behind while China has considered progress especially in quantum communication as well as quantum encryption using satellites. Such advances enhance international competition on quantum computing’s ability and place it as a key building block in new technological landscapes. 

ApplicationsQuantum computing is expected to revolutionize industries due to its superiority in performing computations. In cryptography, quantum algorithms in such papers as Shor’s algorithm pose a menace to typical encryption paradigms, hence the establishment of quantum resistant cryptography. This brings both advantages and disadvantages as organizations are faced with working in a post quantum security environment. In healthcare, quantum simulation is known to simulate molecular interactions to amount on speed and save on costs when developing drugs, among other uses. For instance, Roche and Merck are working to incorporate quantum methods into originations of new drug molecules. Banks are also using quantum computing to make decisions on portfolio selection, to identify frauds and to manage risks. Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan Chase have begun quantum projects to get a first-mover advantage in financial modeling (Sigov et al., 2022). Also, quantum computing improves supply chain and logistics management, which helps a company like DHL to avoid or minimize twofold issues in their route management. He then analyzes seven applications of quantum computing illustrating that it is a transformative technology across various fields which makes it a key trend in information systems.

Challenges and LimitationsThe main difficulty reported previously is error correction. Qubits easily interact with the environment and as such, suffer incoherence and make computational errors. Though the researchers are developing fault-tolerant quantum computing, the current error navigating speaks volumes about the rates. The last example of weakness is scalability. Though presently available and working quantum computers control in tens of qubits, to solve real life problems we need quantum computers in thousands or millions of qubits. Furthermore, the absence of a general quantum algorithm constrains the variety of practical tasks that can be solved by quantum computers at the current stage (Gambetta et al., 2020). Another challenge that becomes a concern in relation to ethical practices is the issue of ethics itself: what is ethical is often defined as legal, and ethical considerate reasoning creates a great concern in the sphere of cybersecurity. 

Future TrendsQuantum computing is set to have awesome trends and prospects that may redefine other technology horizons in the future. One of the prominent trends is Quantum as a Service (QaaS) which allow company to use quantum compute and resources in the cloud without learning intensive infrastructure costs. Currently, leading vendors such as AWS and Microsoft Azure have come up with quantum computing as a service to make the technology more accessible. Another trend is the integration of quantum computing with artificial intelligence in which quantum algorithms can improve the learning and optimization processes of machine learning algorithms. Governments and key industry stakeholders are also seeking partnerships in order to drive quantum advancement. For example, the U.S. National Quantum Initiative Act targets to set up a quantum-receptive workforce and spur research. According to Market analysis, quantum computing may possibly become a $65 billion market by 2030 thus proving the economic viability (Awan et al., 2022). Meanwhile, expanding use of quantum technologies will give rise to new opportunities for organizations to achieve breakthroughs, optimize computations, and address challenges in their information systems.

ConclusionIn conclusion, Quantum computing is an evolving revolution for information systems and technologies giving capability of colossal calculations and prospects of change at an industrial level. Its current state is indicative of enhancement in the existing hardware, algorithms, and global investment whilst the uses in cryptography, health and logistics are also evident. It may be useful for teachers but several issues like error correction, scalability and ethics when integrated in the classroom with other technologies remains an issue. The prospects of quantum computing are rather bright, including such tendencies as QaaS and quantum integration with AI. It is the understanding that as these quantum technologies are developed they will not only transform computational power but also, the course that development will follow across industries. To adopt this trend involves partnership from the researchers, governments, and industries in order to make the quantum computing revolution constructive and have impact.ReferencesAwan, U., Hannola, L., Tandon, A., Goyal, R. K., & Dhir, A. (2022). Quantum computing challenges in the software industry. A fuzzy AHP-based approach. Information and Software Technology, 147, 106896.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584922000581European Commission. (2021). Quantum Technologies Flagship. Retrieved from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/activities/quantum-technologies-flagshipGambetta, J., Chow, J. M., & Steffen, M. (2020). Building logical qubits in a superconducting quantum computing system. npj Quantum Information, 6(54), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-0278-2Huang, C., Zhang, F., Newman, M., Cai, J., Gao, X., Tian, Z., ... & Chen, J. (2020). Classical simulation of quantum supremacy circuits. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.06787.https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.06787https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5 Sigov, A., Ratkin, L., & Ivanov, L. A. (2022). Quantum information technology. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 28, 100365. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2452414X22000346