environmental science

****** revision *** ** ****** module  Types ** energy – renewable ****** ********* ************* (stock) ********* ***************** ****** *** ******* energy mix ********** ** * ******** context Renewable ********* *** resources **** will *** run *** *** which *** ************ being ******* They ******* solar wind **** ************* *** ********** *********** ********* – *** result ** * continuous flow **** **** ** tide Non-renewable ********* – ****** ** limited ********* ***** **** *** *** sooner ** later **** ******* fossil ***** **** **** *** *** ******* *** *** also ******* because ** **** ******* Breeder ******** ***** ****** their *** **** *** ************* ******** *** *** *** sufficiently **************** ********* *** there is * stock of **** resource *** when **** ***** is gone ****** **** forever Fossil fuels = http://wwwdiscoveringfossilscouk/fossilfuelshtm Primary ****** *** ** ******** **** * direct ****** ** heat ****** ** released **** burning *************** ****** *** **** primary ****** ** ********* ** ** * different form ** becomes * ********* energy ** **** **** ****** **** burning **** is used ** ******** ***************** have ** ** ********* managed ** ********* ** ** ********** to ** ********* eg wood – techniques **** ** ********* ************ ****** ** ******** ********** ** which ***** **** stems are ********** cut **** ** near ****** ****** and replanting; ********** *** ** *** ***** station is *** ***** for the **** and *********** pumping ***** ** ** *** ****** ** will end ** ******* *** *************** energy *** *** UK ****** mix **** ********* Global ******** ** energy ****** *********** *** ***** ****** ******* ** ***** ************** ********* ******* **** of energy because **** have ***** ****** reserves *** *** ***** to exploit **** **** ***** ****** – large *** ******** UK ****** Canada *** ***** *** *** *** reserves ***** ********* *** ***** **** ******** *** Indonesia *** large coal *** *** *** reserves   Some ********* ******* ****** ****** ******* **** have *** ********* ** are ****** ** ******* ***** ********* due ** **** of money ** ********* *********** ***** *** *********** ******** *** lack ** money Ireland – *** *********** ************** **************** ****** *********** ** ******** distributed * ****** relationship between GDP *** energy ******************** ********* **** to ******* lots ** energy per ****** because ********* wealthy *** *** ****** ** **** ****** ** ***** countries have access ** ******* and electricity *** use ****** ********* ******* **** ************ ********* consume **** energy *** ****** ** they *** **** ********* ** ****** ** ********** are *** ********* ** ******** countries ******* consume **** ****** *** person but consume a *** ******* because **** **** * ***** ********** ** ****** ******** **** ****** *** ****** **** ******* *** has * ****** ***** energy ***************** ********* ******* ******* **** ****** *** ***** ******* * *** *** vice ***** This ** ******** ******* ****** ** ****** ******* countries1 ********* **** are **** ** ******* * *** ** ****** *** ****** it ** those that ******** ****** ***** ****** *** *** all ****** ***** ******* ** ******* ******* ***** and ***** all ****** ***** ******* ** ****** ******* in *** – developed ** an economic fuel ** *** **** ***** *********** ** ******** ** ****** To **** ** ****** ** ***** ** ** ****** ******** most important ****** of energy ** *** ******* has the ******* ** ********* **** atmospheric pollutants **** ****** **** ** ******* **** ** years annual ********** worldwide ********* ** ******* ********* ***** ** *** ********** ********** in *** USA and ************* new *********** ** the Middle East Trade ** Coal – ***** ** industrial revolution ** *** ** ** *** ************* ***** ******** **** industry *** **** into ***** *********** mining ** **** has ****** ********** ***** in *** UK France *** BelgiumEastern Europe ***** ***** *********** ***************** ** ** *** ** ******* ******* ********* cheaper labour in S Africa; all **** accessible coal *** **** ****** ********* ******** ** **** *** ******* ** **** ********************* ** **************** ********** ********* ***** *** reserves have been ********** eg ************* ** *** **** politically ****** and ********* **** **** ***** ************** ** consumptionChina *** ******* ********** *** *** ** ******* economies in the world **** ******** ****** *** products ********* **** ****** ***** **************** **** ** ******** using more ****** as they **************** ** ************ **** ex-soviet controlled ********* such as ********** are ********** More attractive **** *** ****** **** ******* *** ******* ** stable *** *** ********** ** Russia **** ********* reduces *** ********** ** ***** * *********** *** ******* are *** ****** *************** because of *** *********** ** ********* ********* *** *********** of *** reserves  · *** *********** ** energy – conflict *** *********** ** ***** affairs *** role ** ************* ************** ** world ****** production and distribution    Energy ******** ** an ********* ***** for all *********** for several ********* All ********* ********* ** ****** ******** ***** ******** ** *** and ***** *** ** ***** **** *** *********** unstable ** Russia ***** ***** **** ****** supplies *** often ** **** of ***** ********* ** GAZPROM *** *********** ********* ** ****** ** *** *********** of ******* **** STUDY – *** YOUR ********** ***** OR **** 242 *** *** ** ** ****** **** BOOK3 ****** ****** use ** ********** *** fossil ***** *** ********** *********** *** ****** ** ****** **** future ****** supplies *** ******* ********** ******* ******* ********* *** ********* ********* ** EU *** ****** ** ***** ******** *** arise **** governments ******* ***** 2980 ****** ******** ****** **** *** *** would *** force ** *** ****** East to ******* *** investment6 ************* ********** **** as ***** Protocol ** ******* *** impact that ****** *** ** *** ************ ********* ideologies **** ******* throughout *** **** 30 ***** ***** ***** **** ***** is * ******** *** ***** ** ****** ************************** Corporations – ********* that ******* ** more **** * countryPlay * major **** in ***** ****** ********** and *************** your ** example – *** **** **** ** ****** oil ***** **** ** ********** ************* ****** ** ****** production *** **** **** gathering; nuclear ***** *** *** *********** the use ** ****** ***** *** **** ***** the potential exhaustion ** ****** ******************* ** fossil fuels ** ** mining *** damage the ***************** RainBurning ****** ***** ******** ******* ****** Some of these ******** ** water vapour ** the ********** which then ***** ** acid rain **** **** can:Kill **** ***** *** **** ** ******* **************** trees *** ***** ***** ********** nutrient content ** *********** ***** ** ***************** **** **** – *** **** ***** contains less ******** washing **** ****** ****** ******* burning ***** ***** ** power ********* ***** ***** sources ** electricity ****** ****** **************** WarmingBurning ****** ***** ***** ** ** ******** in *** amount of carbon dioxide ** ** *** *** **** ******** *** planet’s natural greenhouse ****** ********** ***** ************ and ******* ******* ****** **** ***** lead ** *** ****** *** ****** *** ********* ********* **** ******** and extreme weather ****** *** ******* ********* ************ happen **** pipes oil ***** ** tankers ************ *** **** The ******* of *** ****** **** * **** **** *** **** ** *** death ** *** wildlife1 Oil ******* the ability ** ******* ** **** ******* *********** *** ******** and *** *** coated ** oil3 *********** of oil You *** ***** ** the ****** oil ***** ** *** **** of ********************** *** ** *** ********* energy **** ****** ** LEDC’s such ** ***** ** ******* **** *** **** as ** ****** source *** ******* *** ****** ****** *** home Wood **** is burnt *** fuel is ****** fuel **** The ********* ** **** **** ******* *** environment ** ******* ways:Deforestation – **** ******** ********* ******* ********* and *** seriously deplete ***** **************** **** – ************* *** ****** or ******* *** habitats ** * **** range ** wildlife;Soil ******* *** **** ***** **** **** ******** If *** ***** are ******* *** **** ******* held ******** as **** *** *** ** washed ** ***** away by *** ************* **** *** over 90% of the ****** **** *** cooking ***** **** **** Consumption of **** is ******* that the **** ** ****** ** ***** ** no ********** ************************* ***** *** ** expensive there ** ** *********** *** ** ******** ************** For a ****** ** **** **** ********** of ****** ***** ** ****** *** **** ***** ** more than *** ******* income ** *** ** *** ********** *** ****** ********* on *** **** **** ***** *** **** ** ** * fuel *** ***** to ***** ********* ** ***** *** **** aid **************** crisis ******* ** *** same time ** the *** crisis of *** ***** ************ ******** ********** ** **** countries **** self-sufficient ** **** production **** *** at *** ******* ** existing forest landsWood energy ** *** being exploited ** a ****** that is *********** ** ******* **************** ********** ******** **** ******* ** ********* is **** to ******** **************** commercial ******* ****** ** ******* nuclear ******** ** 31 countries around *** worldSupply *** ** *** ********* *********** * *** ** ***** ****** consumptionAdvantagesDisadvantagesLow ****** dioxide **************** ***** ****** *********** *** to ** stored ********* *** ********* of ***** *** ** ************* ***** ***** ******** **** *********** **** ****** **** plantsAccidents ******* *********** ***** ** leak ** ** *** *********** can **** *********** consequences ** human animal and ***** ******* illness; destruction ** the ***** *********** *** ************* ** large ***** ** **** *** damage ***** *** * **** timeLarge ****** ** energy *** ********* **** ***** amounts ** ******** * ******* ****** of ******* *** ********* ** **** makes it * non ********* ******************* ******** ** ******* ***** is ******************** ***** stations ** the *** ** ***** life ** very ************* ********* to ********* ******* ** ******* ******* disasters or ************* *************** reactors **** * ********* ** ******* and ******* ** **** ** *** out ** ***** two ***** *** about **** years) breeder ******** **** ***** ** be ******** ****** *** ** *********** is produced **** ******* ***** ****** *** *** cleanest air ** *** industrialised ******* *** the ******** electricity ** EuropeChernobyl * Ukraine198656 deaths *** ** ** ** ********* resultRadiation released caused thousands of deaths *** ******************** ******** ******** as *** **** as Ireland4km² **** ** ****** ****** ********* ************* ******** ************* ***** **** ******** ** Scandinavia *** several years ***** the accident *** the ********* area is ***** ******* ************ todayEstimated 15000 more **** in *** *********** **** after ******** ** radiation  Independent Committee ** *********** Waste ********** ** **** ** nuclear ***** ******** *** recommends :Geological ******** ** *** end point ** *** **** term ********** of radioactive wasteGeological disposal ** ** *********** ********** is *** ***** ********** option **** ** currently ******** ** **** ********* for ***** **** ** country ** *** ********* * geological ********** *** ***** ********* *** **** ********** sitesGeological disposal ** based ** the ******* of retention ** *** waste within a geological repository ****** * ****** ** ******* **** **** *** *************** ***** typically ** to * depth ** ******** metres ** * ******* ** **** types                              Also see: ******************************************************************************************************************************************************** *** potential for *********** ****** ****** *** *********** ********* ****** bio-mass ***** power **** ****** wave ****** ***** energy Appropriate technology for *********** *************

Click here to download attached files: Environmental Science.docx