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Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats. It needs to be at least 2500 words.
Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats. It needs to be at least 2500 words. Extensive studies carried out on bacterial cells have shown that bacteria have a high tendency to incorporate foreign DNA into their genome. These structures have therefore been hypothesized that together with the CAS proteins contribute to the cells’ immunity against bacteriophages and also from expressing foreign DNA.
Bacteria are known to use different methods of defense mechanisms against viral attacks. These include masking of surface receptors where the bacteriophage attaches, the use of restriction enzymes that cleave the invading DNA, and now recently the use of CRISPs/cas9 complex. This relatively newly discovered system is a form of the adaptive immune system with the capability to remember past attacks by prophage, phage, or plasmid. It enables the bacteria to remember the invading pathogens preventing the second and subsequent infection. CRISPRs/cas9 complex is associated with a small non-coding RNA that cuts the invading DNA and hence destroying. The mechanism involves first incorporating short sequences from the foreign DNA known as spacers into the repeating units. These units are then transcribed into short RNAs (crRNAs) by CAS genes. Finally, this complex initiates the cleaving of the invading foreign DNA.
Technology has improved greatly over the last with scientists mapping the whole human genome that consists of over 3 billion base sequences. An overwhelming revolution in genetic engineering has mesmerized scientists to what level technology has risen. The gene mapping technology has been tried in the past with no apparent breakthrough. This is because these trials are very risky especially when it involves changing particular genes and the ultimate manipulation of these genes. The regular discovery of the clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats which has heavily impacted on the scientific world. At first, these systems were hypothesized not to partake in any cellular functions in the bacterial cells and also to the eukaryotic cells. Continued studies, however, proved this wrong when it was discovered that these systems were involved in the defense mechanisms, in the bacteria.
