Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Delay-Tolerant Network Security. It needs to be at least 5000 words.

Hello, I am looking for someone to write an article on Delay-Tolerant Network Security. It needs to be at least 5000 words. The security characteristics of DTNs include frequent disconnectivity, long round-trip delay, opportunistic routing, fragmentation, as well as limited storage capability and computational delays, make the existing security protocols unsuitable for DTNs. Thus, new security protocols should be implemented. that are stringent and efficient in securing DTNs.

1.1 Introduction

Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) is considered an overlay network that is on top of the regional networks. It has a new layer not common with other internet protocol layers called the bundle layer. It is located on top of the Transport layer (TCP). Below is a figure showing the difference between DTN and other internet protocol layers.

Figure 1: Comparison of DTN and other Internet Protocol Layers

Several protocols have changed to the latest internet protocol suite that supports the DTN architecture. Unlike in the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) where the communication is end-to-end, DTN uses a store and then forward approach. Here the data is first stored then moved incrementally in the network, hoping that the data will reach its destination. Another way is to send a message over and over hoping that one of the messages will arrive at the destination. Here more bandwidth and local storage is required (Ferrara A. L.). DTN primarily stands for the delay in the network. This delay can be of the following three major kinds: delay in propagation through a medium, delay in queuing within the relay points, destination and source. and finally, clocking delays that are associated with the transmitting onto the medium, of an atomic unit of data.

The propagation delays experienced over the medium might belong and are caused by speed-to-light delays to cross long distances (e.g., underwater, space). On the other hand, traffic and service rates are affected by queuing delays that are within the relay points. The clocking delays occur when erroneous data is received, though not recognized, and resent until when all the right data is received. Vast ranges of environments are covered in DTN researches. Each of the particular entities in these environments has its own features and characteristics. For example, each hub or node in the space network may have a difference in their resource capabilities that govern the way they transmit mostly among each other.