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Hi, I am looking for someone to write an article on relative rates of nucleophilic substitution Paper must be at least 1250 words. Please, no plagiarized work!
Hi, I am looking for someone to write an article on relative rates of nucleophilic substitution Paper must be at least 1250 words. Please, no plagiarized work! Write the rate law for this reaction (refer to a general chemistry text, if necessary).
The structure of the alkyl group bears impact in two ways: steric hindrance and the ability of the alkyl group to accommodate a positive charge. As the number of alkyl substituents on the substitution center increases, steric hindrance increases. Hence, reactivity for SN2 follows the order: CH3 >. 1° >. 2° >. 3°.
1-bromobutane reacted faster with NaI in acetone in part A3 (Br is better able to accommodate negative charge). The better the leaving group, the easier it is to break the bond, and the faster the reaction occurs. The more stable the leaving group is, the more likely it takes the two electrons of its carbon-leaving group bond with it when the nucleophile attacks the carbon.
The greater the number of alkyl groups at the carbocation center, the greater the stability of the carbocation, and hence the faster the formation of the carbocation. This implies a faster SN1 rate as well. Thus, SN1 reactivity increases in the order: CH3 <. 1° <. 2° <. 3°.
11. Which alkyl halide reacted faster in part B2? Explain how and why the nature of the leaving group affects the rate of an SN1 reaction. Would 2-do-2-methylpropane react faster or slower? Explain.
2-bedroom-2-methylpropane (t-butyl bromide) reacted faster in part B2. As in the SN2 mechanism, the better the leaving group, the easier it is to break the bond, and the faster the reaction occurs. The more stable the leaving group is, the more likely it takes the two electrons of its carbon-leaving group bond with it when the nucleophile attacks the carbon. 2-iodo-2-methylpropane would react slower because a tertiary substrate reacting with a weak nucleophile (which is also the solvent) like alcohol will react by an SN1 mechanism.
5% ethanol gave a faster reaction in part B3.  .The solvent coordinates to the carbocation and stabilizes it. . The more polar the solvent, the better it is able to stabilize the carbocation. SN1 reaction occurs faster in more polar solvents.
13. How did changing the concentration of the alkyl halide in part B4 affect the reaction rate? Determine the rate law for the SN1 reaction.
In B4, doubling the concentration [R-X] doubles the rate of reaction. The factor by which the alkyl halide concentration is increased is the same factor by which the reaction rate for SN1 increases.
