Hi, I need help with essay on The Effects of Smoking During Pregnancy. Paper must be at least 1500 words. Please, no plagiarized work!Download file to see previous pages... As the paper declares babie

Hi, I need help with essay on The Effects of Smoking During Pregnancy. Paper must be at least 1500 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

As the paper declares babies born to smoking pregnant women are on average 200 grams lighter than babies born to non-smoking mothers because of the reduction of placental blood flow that results in a reduction in the nutrient level reaching the foetus. Reduced birth weight increases the risks of diseases and infant death. Foetal miscarriage has been found to be higher in such smoking women. Maternal smoking also induces preterm births. Breastfeeding women who smoke have been found to have lower levels of prolactin, which is essential for the breastfeeding and thus causes reduced breastfeed. Smoking in pregnancy seems to have an adverse on the physical growth and intellectual development of the child associated with a reduced height and intellectual attainments.

Accoridng to the research finding smoking interferes with a woman's hormonal balance during pregnancy and has long-term consequences on the reproductive organs of her children. Infants born of smoking mothers suffer from serious respiratory infections than the children of non-smokers. Smoking during pregnancy can also increase the risk of asthma in young childrendue to changes in biological receptors in the baby’s immune system that are responsible for recognising and fighting infections and bacteria. An increased risk of infantile colic associated with smoking in pregnancy has been shown in a randomized control study. Cleft palate abnormalities due to maternal smoking has also been elucidated. This proves that maternal smoking during pregnancy does have a teratogenic effect on the foetus. ...

Differences were found for height and IQ according to mothers pregnancy smoking behaviour (MacArthur,2001).The effect of maternal smoking on neonatal lung function has been demonstrated in a study and has shown that maternal smoking has been associated with increased wheeze in early life and in schoolchildren. The study has concluded that these adverse health effects on the lungs are on account of detrimental changes before birth (Le Souf, 2006).

A study conducted to demonstrate the association between smoking during pregnancy and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) using prospectively collected data has shown that children of smokers had more than three times the risk of SIDS compared with children of non-smokers (OR=3.5. 95% CI 1.4-8.