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Hi, need to submit a 1000 words essay on the topic Tackling Football Hooliganism: A Quantitative Study of Public Order, Policing and Crowd Psychology.Download file to see previous pages... Tackling Fo
Hi, need to submit a 1000 words essay on the topic Tackling Football Hooliganism: A Quantitative Study of Public Order, Policing and Crowd Psychology.
Download file to see previous pages...Tackling Football Hooliganism: A Quantitative Study of Public Order, Policing and Crowd Psychology
Despite its widespread acceptance the concept of football hooliganism is considered by some researchers as largely a mass media construction. It is problematic as a scientific and technical construct primarily because it is used to describe such a vast array of different forms of activity, ranging from individual drunkenness to spontaneous rioting involving hundreds of supporters.
Patriotism and nationalism are the major reasons behind football hooliganism. When two teams from different countries or different clubs fight each other in the stadium, players cultivate the spirit of nationalism and pride into the veins of the spectators. Instead of treating the match as a sports activity, some partisan crowd may take it as a real fight between two nations or clubs. The actions, gestures, body languages of the players generate too much spirit in the minds of the spectators. Football players after scoring goals show some symbols of victory or triumph towards the crowd nowadays. These gestures and body languages often lift the spirit of the spectators. Instead of treating a football match as a sport, spectators may treat it as a war. Such spirits force them to fight against the supporters of the opposite nation or club in the pavilion.
Hooligans were believed to play vital roles in distraction, protection and reputation for many non-hooligan fans and even when fans did express disapproval of ‘hooligan’ activity, this was often for practical rather than moral reasons. Furthermore, fans who express positive attitudes to hooliganism – or ‘hooligans’ – have to be acknowledged and understood if the problem of football crowd disorder is to be controlled. (Rookwood &. Pearson, 2012, p.149). In certain cases, hooligans may force even non-hooligan fans to engage in violent activities. It should be noted that the harassment, joking and bullying by the opposite fans may cross all the limits in certain occasions so that even non-hooligans may fight with the hooligans. The thirst for domination is inherited in all human beings. However, social orders and customs prevent them from showing this dominance publicly. While watching football matches, these inherited traits may often come out in the form of violence. According to Scott et al (2008), “the Elaborated Social Identity Model of crowd behaviour (ESIM) proposes that crowd members’ social identity is embedded within intergroup relations that are defined in terms of legitimacy and power”(Stott et al., 2008, p.119). Imagine a football match between Germany and UK. It is widely accepted that Germany’s superiority complex resulted in two world wars. In other words, Germans do believe that their race is superior to all other races and it is their right to rule the world. On the other hand, Britain was the ruler of the world once.
