How do scientists attempt to answer questions about future climate?

How do scientists attempt to answer questions about future climate?

 They don't

 They take a guess

 They use models run by super computers

 They look for a time when the event happened previously

2) Why will it take time for Earth's climate system to recover from CO2 already being put into the atmosphere?

 There is no way to stop CO2 emissions

 CO2 has a short lifetime

 CO2 has a long lifetime

 None of the above

3) A map on which mean values of temperature and/or precipitation are plotted would be an example of _____ model.

  mumerical

 conceptual

 graphical 

 physical

4) In order to map ECVs, global climate models do which of the following first?

  Compute ECVs for every point

 Break the map into a gridded coordinate that includes only the ocean

 Break the map into a gridded coordinate that includes only the atmosphere

 Break the map into a gridded coordinate that includes both the atmosphere and the ocean

5) Which of the following best describes how climate models predict over a long time scale without losing accuracy?

 They are driven by feedbacks that do no influence the weather

 They predict how climate adjusts to different conditions

 They focus on specific broad regions of positive and negative anomalies

 All of the above

6) What must scientists do to ensure model output is better?

  Reduce errors

 Overcome uncertainty

 Use more input data

 Both a and b are correct.

7) In a transient model run, how is CO2 added?

  Slowly

 All at once

 It depends on the scientist generating the run

 None of the above

8) In an equilibrium run, how long is the model output observed?

  Moment to moment for a set period of time

 Until the model reaches a new equilibrium

 It depends on the scientists generating the run

 None of the above

9) Which of the following is true about the PETM, making it the best geological analog for future ocean and biological responses?

  Widespread warming associated with large buildup of CO2 and methane

 Oceans acidified

 Global temps rose several degrees

 All of the above

10) Why will all locations on the globe not see the increase in temperatures predicted by climate models?

  Climate change is geographically non-uniform in both magnitude and sign

 The greatest change will always be seen at the equator, regardless of the forcing mechanism

 Climate change is only uniform along lines of latitude

 None of the above

11) What does the complex nature of removing CO2 from the atmosphere mean in terms of global climate change?

  There is no hope of reversing the changes already made

 Making a change will require a serious and prolonged commitment to reducing emissions

 There will still be warming even after emissions are reduced, possible for decade to centuries

 Both b and c are correct.

12) Which of the following is the hardest area to accurately model?

 Temperatures

 Precipitation

 Clouds

 All of the above

 None of the above

13) Which tornadoes are the most destructive?

  Short-duration storms

 Long duration storms

 Multi-vortex storms

 None of the above

14) Who developed the tornado rating scale?

 Saffir Simpson

 Fujita

 Newton

 None of the above

15) When are tornadoes most likely to occur during the day?

  In the early morning

 In the late evening

 Between 10am and 6pm

 None of the above

16) What is the general relationship between heavy precipitation events and climate change?

 As temperature warms, more frequent heavy precipitation events occur

 As temperature warms, less frequent heavy precipitation events occur

 As temperature warms, more frequent small precipitation events occur

 None of the above

17) What variable is primarily used to rate hurricanes?

  SST

 Wind Speed

 Size

 Surge