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How would you explain the phase diagram of sulphur?
How about this:
A phase diagram is a chart that shows the conditions of pressure and temperature at which distinct phases occur and coexist at equilibrium.
The lines on a phase diagram divide into regions – solid, liquid, and gas.
The phase diagram of sulfur is
The diagram is complicated by the fact that sulfur can exist in two crystalline forms: rhombic and monoclinic.
Let's look first at the four areas:
- Pink — only rhombic sulfur
- Brown — only monoclinic sulfur
- Green — only liquid sulfur
- Blue — gaseous sulfur
The corresponding curves are:
- lower left to ① — the sublimation curve of rhombic ##"S"##: ##"S(rhombic)" ⇌ "S(g)"##
- ① to② — the sublimation curve of monoclinic ##"S"##: ##"S(monoclinic") ⇌"S(g)"##
- ② to upper right — the vapour pressure curve of liquid ##"S"##: ##"S(l)" ⇌ "S(g)"##
- ① to ③ — the transition curve for ##"S(rhombic)" ⇌ "S(monoclinic)"##
- ② to ③ — the melting point curve for ##"S(monoclinic) ⇌ S(l)"##
- ③ to top — the melting point curve for ##"S(rhombic) ⇌ S(l)"##
There are three triple points:
- ① (##"95.4 °C", 1 × 10^"-4"color(white)(l) "atm"##) — rhombic ##"S"## is in equilibrium with monoclinic ##"S"##, and both have the same vapour pressure.
- ② (##"119 °C", 5× 10^-4color(white)(l) "atm"##) — monoclinic ##"S"## melts; this is the triple point for ##"S"_"m" ⇌ "S"_"l" ⇌ "S"_"g"##.
- ③ (##"151 °C, 1288 atm"##) — rhombic, monoclinic, and liquid ##"S"## are at equilibrium.
The critical point — where liquid and gaseous ##"S"## have the same density — is off to the right at ##"1041 °C and 203.3 atm"##.