I need some assistance with these assignment. meta-analysis of behavioral problems in children Thank you in advance for the help!

I need some assistance with these assignment. meta-analysis of behavioral problems in children Thank you in advance for the help! Dana E. Johnson of the University of Minnesota conducted a study that analyzed data over three decades relating to the effectiveness of adoption in ensuring children live long, productive lives after being permanently separated from their birth parents. Johnson (2002) does not compare adopted children to non-adopted children in terms of developmental deficits. rather, it compares adopted children from bad circumstances to non-adopted children who remain in bad circumstances (defined as severe neglect or abuse in early life). This comparison yields many different results about the efficacy and use of adoption in our society relative to the Gunnar and van Dulmen (2007) study. In other words, by changing the frame of reference, Johnson (2002) praises the adoption system for being “a remarkable environment for healing emotional and physical trauma and reversing developmental deficits” (p. 39). For example, she cites a study in which 85% of post-institutionalized Eastern European Orphans exhibited “catch-up brain growth” after their arrival in the United States. Rather than remaining in physically and mentally oppressive circumstances in their native countries, the orphans were allowed high standards of education and nutrition by means of the adoption system.

However, Johnson (2002) also cites behavior problems and social deficits among institutional orphans. For instance, Romanian orphans who had spent more than eight months in an orphanage revealed internalizing behaviors such as a failure to make their needs known and withdrawing from siblings and peers. A significant percentage of those children adopted and assessed at both four and six years of age exhibited “quasi-autistic” behavior, such as difficulties in socializing and preoccupation with sensations (Johnson, 2002, p. 45). Nevertheless, according to Johnson, by age 6 adoptees from Romania exhibited the same rates of peer difficulties and conduct problems as their peers adopted from the United Kingdom. This finding seems to suggest that exposure to non-adopted children mitigates development deficits among adopted children.