I need some assistance with these assignment. speech perception Thank you in advance for the help!

I need some assistance with these assignment. speech perception Thank you in advance for the help! Perception represents the manner in which this stream of audible information is heard, interpreted, understood and conceptualized.

Depending on the intellectual capacity of the listener, a great deal of information can be gathered from some fleeting acoustic signals. One can be able to make a judgment on indexical and spatial aspects of the speaker such as their gender, age, physical location, emotional state and so on. The level of comprehensions derived from the speech is different in adults and children. In a variety of studies to investigate the manner in which adults and four-year-olds make inferences, familiar and unfamiliar animals were used as stimuli and evidence was found to suggest that category membership and similarity of conceptual information play a major role. Children tend to use category membership without clear and detailed mention of the relevant categories in tasks of their inductive behaviour. They use category membership information that is available for familiar categories even when the categories involved in the experiments are not revealed to them. They do not blindly follow the school of thought that all entities that have the same name also share the same properties.

A further investigation indicated that when three and four-year-olds are asked to make inferences on which items taste the same they tend to assume that they are being asked about kinds of foods and hence they take colour to be the supreme feature that categorizes similar tasting items. However when asked to determine items that are of a similar type the children based their inferences on the shapes rather than colours of the items that is to say similarly shaped objects are of the same type.

Just like in children category membership information plays a big role when adults make inductive inferences. For example, if speech consists of a group statements, consisting of premise statements and a final conclusion statement, adults will more convince to agree with the conclusion inferred from the previous statements only if there is a marked similarity between the premise category and the conclusion category (Downing, Sternberg &Ross,1985). However, unlike the case in children, adults tend to draw from their own additional background knowledge in making inferences and not just acting on only what is presented to them in speech.