I will pay for the following essay See Details Research Question for study Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder- Cause or Effect of Bullying. The essay is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-t

I will pay for the following essay See Details Research Question for study Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder- Cause or Effect of Bullying. The essay is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

The topic is problematic because there are relatively few studies of PTSD in this age group and almost no attempts to address the issue specifically in the school environment (Hyman, Cohen, &amp. Mahon, 2003, pp. 74-75). Furthermore, when children are maltreated by peers, school staff and other people in school surroundings, the assessment of their condition may be complicated by the fact that they try to conceal some events and/or symptoms from their teachers and parents. The study is focused on the application of the previous model of assessment of PTSD in children and adolescents by Hyman and his colleagues (such as Snook, Zelikoff, Clarke and others) in the school surroundings. As a result, the new self-diagnostic scale has been developed under the name SATS (Student Alienation and Trauma Survey) Like the previous survey, SATS consists of two parts, the first one of which is focused on the events of school setting and the second help to identify psychical and somatic symptoms (Hyman, Cohen, &amp. Mahon, 2003, p. 76). The authors also introduce the five-stage treatment model for the children diagnosed with PTSD (p. 79). The article offers a working quantitative system for diagnosing the presence of PTSD, as well as its causes and effects. The list of the events in the first part of SATS can be used in this study both as reference and as a scientific case that does not necessarily cover all possible complications and hence needs to be improved. Idsoe, T., Dyregrov, A., &amp. Cosmovici, E. (2010). School Bullying and PTSD Symptoms in a National Representative Sample. Washington, District of Columbia, US: American Psychological Association (APA). This research is especially important because it addresses the problem of school bullying on the national scale and takes into account not only live but also digital forms of interaction. The sample consists of 963 students of both sexes, of 8th and 9th grades. their reports have been assessed in accordance with The Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) and have indicated that 53.2% of the students who were victims of bullying developed critical score of intrusion and avoidance symptoms (Idsoe, Dyregrov, &amp. Cosmovici, 2010, p. 2). This means that they are likely to suffer from PTSD. Thus, there is large scale evidence for the connection between bullying and PTSD in its victims. Kamen, C., Bergstrom, J., Mardini, M., Alhadi, F., Lee, S., Lazar, R., &amp. ... Gore-Felton, C. (2011). HIV-Positive Men with a History of Childhood Bullying Report PTSD Symptoms Above and Beyond the Effect of Exposure to Other Forms of Trauma. Washington, District of Columbia, US: American Psychological Association (APA). This comparative study with the sample of 113 HIV-positive homosexual men and 51 HIV-positive heterosexual men (both groups from San Francisco Bay area) reveals that the experience of being bullied in childhood is a predictive factor for the indices of PTSD in adult men. Together with PTSD, substance consumption and “difficulties in emotion regulations” are likely to develop in such groups (Kamen et al., 2011, p. 2). The researchers state that being bullied in childhood is typical for HIV-diagnosed men and that this public health and psychological problem affects more those men who have sex with men (p.2). The fact that PTSD maladjustment (lack of ability to control emotions) depends on bullying in childhood testifies that PTSD could be not only the cause but also the effect of bullying. The finding of Kamen et al.