Identify which one of the four types of validity1. Measurement validity, 2. Statistical conclusion validity, 3. Internal validity, or 4.

Identify which one of the four types of validity—1. Measurement validity, 2. Statistical conclusion validity, 3. Internal validity, or 4. External validity—is violated in each of the following scenarios. Explain your decision 

a.      As a test of intelligence, researchers administered a 40-question American history exam to the study participants. The average score was 15 correct out of 40, thus researchers concluded that study participants are not very intelligent.