If George is spanked immediatelyafterhis baby sister cries, he is likely to become fearful every time she cries.

If George is spanked immediatelyafterhis baby sister cries, he is likely to become fearful every time she cries. If Ken isspanked immediatelybeforehis baby sister cries, he is not likely to become fearfulwhen she cries. What do the different reactions of George and Ken suggest about therole of cognitive processes in associative learning?