In arterial thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis, platelets will _____ the production of _____. Select one: increase; prostacyclin b. increase;...

In arterial thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis, platelets will _____ the production of _____.

Select one:

a. increase; prostacyclin

b. increase; thromboxane

c. decrease; prostacyclin

d. decrease; thromboxane

Heparin or LMW heparin is preferred for pregnant patients needing an anticoagulant because:

Select one:

a. its molecular size allows it to cross the placenta and thus help the offspring.

b. the offspring receives the full anticoagulant effect.

c. its molecular size does not allow it to cross the placenta to affect the offspring.

d. the offspring receives only a partial anticoagulant effect.

The preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy is:

Select one:

a. heparin.

b. warfarin.

c. streptokinase.

d. enoxaparin.

Which of the following substances binds to cholesterol to transport it from the liver to the gall bladder?

Select one:

a. Phagocytes

b. Apoproteins

c. Triglycerides

d. Chylomicrons

Cholesterol is considered to be a critical substrate for the body because of its importance in building all of the following except _____.

Select one:

a. androgens

b. glucocorticoids

c. amino acids

d. aldosterone

Which of the following is true of the various types of anemia?

Select one:

a. In deficiency anemia, where there is a lack of iron or lack of copper, the RBCs are microcytic hypochromic.

b. In deficiency anemia, where there is a lack of iron or lack of copper, the RBCs are normocytic normochromic.

c. In deficiency anemia, where there is a lack of iron or lack of copper, the RBCs are sickle-shaped microcytic.

d. None of these are correct.

_____ are characterized by unusually small red blood cells (RBCs).

Select one:

a. Macrocytic anemias

b. Megaloblastic anemias

c. Microcytic anemias

d. Normochromic anemias

Why are patients advised not to chew or crush enteric-coated or delayed-release iron supplements?

Select one:

a. Because it will lead to the development of a smooth, sore, beefy red tongue

b. Because it will lead to gastrointestinal (GI) irritation

c. Because it will lead to iron poisoning

d. All of the above

Which of the following is not true about the use of folic acid?

Select one:

a. Administration of folic acid in a cobalamin deficiency can reverse the production of the megaloblastic cells.

b. Folic acid has no effect on the synthesis of myelin.

c. Folic acid can reverse the neurological changes associated with cobalamin deficiency.

d. Folic acid is not effective in the treatment of aplastic and normocytic anemias.

Identify the physical manifestations associated with emphysema.

Select one:

a. Difficulty expelling air from the lungs

b. Reduced respiratory exchange

c. Shortness of breath

d. All of these

Use the mechanism of action of the corticosteroids to determine the physiological action that results from their administration.

Select one:

a. Corticosteroids inhibit the production of allergic antibodies.

b. Corticosteroids inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

c. Corticosteroids inhibit the activity of inflammatory cells.

d. All of these are correct.

Select the function of the eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis as it relates to asthma.

Select one:

a. Eosinophilic chemotactic factor (ECF-A) is released from eosinophils and mast cells and functions to stimulate the action of arachidonic acid.

b. Eosinophilic chemotactic factor (ECF-A) is released from eosinophils and mast cells and functions to attract eosinophils to the site of cell injury or irritation in the lining of the respiratory tract in asthma.

c. Eosinophilic chemotactic factor (ECF-A) is released from eosinophils and mast cells and functions to stimulate the action of the prostaglandins.

d. None of these are correct.

Famotidine is available as over-the-counter 10-mg tablets. If Kayla takes one tablet every 12 hours over a period of four days. What is the total dosage of famotidine administered to Kayla?

Select one:

a. 80 mg

b. 40 mg

c. 120 mg

d. 48 mg

Krista is suffering from GERD. After various medications fail to improve her condition, Krista is prescribed metoclopramide as a short-term treatment option. However, the success of the treatment prompts Krista to continue using the medication for over three times the prescribed duration. Krista is at a risk for _____.

Select one:

a. tardive dyskinesia

b. bulimia

c. sinus tachycardia

d. diabetic gastroparesis

What are the two types of receptor antagonists that are used as antiemetics?

Select one:

a. Serotonin 5-HT3 and NK1

b. Serotonin 5-HT2 and H1

c. D2 and M1

d. H1 and M

_____ receptors are found on parietal cells and increase secretion of HCl when activated.

Select one:

a. Cholinergic

b. Prostaglandin

c. Histamine

d. Adrenergic

Identify the causes of constipation.

Select one:

a. Poorly developed toilet habits and diets low in fiber

b. Stressful situations that result in sympathetic stimulation and decrease intestinal motility

c. Emotional disturbances that alter the parasympathetic control of the intestines

d. All of these

Identify the correct definition of peristalsis.

Select one:

a. Peristalsis refers to the abnormal involuntary repetitive body movements caused by a distortion of voluntary muscle movement.

b. Peristalsis is the process in which water moves across membranes following the movement of sodium ions.

c. Peristalsis is a wavelike movement in which circular contraction and relaxation of the intestinal muscles moves contents toward the rectum.

d. None of these are correct.

Daniel is diagnosed with cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy. He is suffering from bouts of vomiting, usually after the chemotherapy sessions. Which of the following drugs should Daniel's doctor prescribe for the vomiting?

Select one:

a. Diphenoxylate

b. Ondansetron

c. Loperamide

d. Polycarbophil

Which of the following is associated with red blood cell production?

Select one:

a. Cholecystokinin

b. Erythropoietin

c. Gastrin

d. Prolactin

A lack of thyroid hormone production in infancy results in:

Select one:

a. dwarfism.

b. cretinism.

c. acromegaly.

d. candidemia.

The two main systems of the body that function in regulating other systems are the:

Select one:

a. nervous system and the endocrine system.

b. nervous system and the muscular system.

c. endocrine system and the exocrine system.

d. endocrine system and the muscular system.

_____ refers to a process that is associated with energy release in which complex compounds are broken down into simpler molecules.

Select one:

a. Anabolism

b. Catabolism

c. Gluconeogenesis

d. Constructive metabolism

ummarize the relationship between the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland.

Select one:

a. The hypothalamus secretes ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), which stimulates the release of CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) from the anterior pituitary gland that leads to the secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland.

b. The hypothalamus secretes CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone), which stimulates the release of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the anterior pituitary gland that leads to the secretion of mineralocorticoids by the adrenal gland.

c. The hypothalamus secretes CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone), which stimulates the release of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the anterior pituitary gland that leads to the secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland.

d. None of these are correct.

As a healthcare professional, which of the following guidelines will you have to bear in mind while counseling patients who are receiving steroid therapy?

Select one:

a. Single steroid doses should be taken before 9 AM to allow distribution of drug to mimic diurnal levels without suppressing available adrenocortical activity.

b. Patients receiving high-dose or long-term steroid therapy should not discontinue the steroids without the supervision of the prescribing physician to avoid precipitating symptoms of withdrawal.

c. Diabetics may have an increased blood glucose concentration requiring dose adjustment in insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs.

d. All of these statements are correct.