Kevin's mother and father are divorced. Kevin is eight, and he lives with his father, John, for three months every summer.

1. Kevin's mother and father are divorced. Kevin is eight, and he lives with his father, John, for three months every summer. The rest of the time, except for occasional weekends, he lives two hundred miles away with his mother. John is the one with the problem: He and Kevin talked a lot last summer about getting a dog. For the first time, John is living in a house that has a backyard big enough to keep a dog and a fence around it as well. John had always used the "no place to keep it" line to avoid making promises, but that no longer applies. John finally promised to get Kevin a dog at the beginning of the next summer, and he knows Kevin is hoping to get one. In fact, John knows that Kevin is expecting a dog with enough confidence that Kevin will be very disappointed if he doesn't get one, even though he may not say much about it. Furthermore, not getting a dog will deprive both Kevin and John of considerable pleasure, since John knows how happy it would make his son to get one. But the danger of having a dog around is that John lives alone during most of the year, and having a dog means being responsible for another creature. When John travels, as his job requires him to do from time to time, who will look after the dog? He can't leave it with a friend for a week or two at a time. And he has no neighbors close by who could look after it, and Kevin's mother is very allergic to dogs, so the dog cannot live with Kevin and his mother for any period of time at all. It looks like a difficult trade-off: Three months a year of pleasure for John, Kevin, and a dog, balanced against what might be nine months a year of frequent unpleasantness for both John and the dog. What should John do? (Remember to use one of the three moral theories acceptable for this test to solve this dilemma. Any discussion of any personal opinion, religious perspective, or theory other than the moral theories acceptable for this test will result in a score of "0" for this question.)

2. An employer who is considering hiring Eva has asked Donna, Eva's former supervisor, for a report on Eva. In truth, Eva's work for Donna has been only average. However, Eva is Donna's friend, and Donna knows that Eva probably will not get the job if she says anything negative about Eva, and Donna knows that Eva desperately needs the job. Further, Donna knows that if the situation were reversed, she would not want Eva to mention her deficiencies. Nevertheless, it has been Donna's policy to reveal the deficiencies of employees when she has been asked for references by employers, and she knows that some of Eva's faults may be bothersome to this particular employer. Finally, this employer has leveled with Donna in the past when Donna has asked for a report on people who have worked for him. Should Donna reveal deficiencies in Eva's past performance? (Remember to use one of the three moral theories acceptable for this test to solve this dilemma. Any discussion of any personal opinion, religious perspective, or theory other than the moral theories acceptable for this test will result in a score of "0" for this question.)

3. Tamara's best friend, Janine, who had been having bad luck the past couple of years developing good relationships, finally meets the "man of her dreams." She has been dating him for several weeks. There is only one problem: this man is married. To further an already complicated situation, this married man's wife is Tamara's other friend, Susannah.

One day when Susannah is having coffee with Tamara, Susannah tells Tamara that she suspects her husband of having an affair. Because Tamara knows her husband, and she and the couple have many mutual friends, Susannah asks Tamara if she has heard the rumor and, if so, if she has any information about the affair. Susannah is shocked and distraught about the possibility of the rumor being true, but is hoping that either the rumor is false, or if true, to work with her husband to save their marriage. Tamara knows that the rumor is true, and Tamara knows that the husband is having an affair with Janine, but she is friends with both women. What should Tamara say to Susannah? Be specific in exactly what you think Tamara should say. (Remember to use one of the three moral theories acceptable for this test to solve this dilemma. Any discussion of any personal opinion, religious perspective, or theory other than the moral theories acceptable for this test will result in a score of "0" for this question.)