Match each term with its corresponding definition. The proportion of those who do not have the disease who test negative B.

6. Match each term with its corresponding definition.

A. The proportion of those who do not have the disease who test negative

B. The proportion of those who test positive who actually have the disease

C. The proportion of those who have the disease who test positive

D. The proportion of those who test negative who actually do not have the disease

1. Sensitivity

2. Specificity

3. Positive predictive value

4. Negative predictive value

7. The prevalence of disease in a population affects the positive predictive value of a screening test, and thus, the prevalence of the disease should be known to interpret the performance of a screening test.

A. True

B. False

9. A cross-sectional study is an appropriate study design to avoid lead time and length biases when evaluating screening programs.

A. True

B. False

10. Please match the terms below with their definitions.

A. This bias may make it look like participants who receive an early diagnosis live longer with the disease than those who receive a later diagnosis, when in fact, this may not be true.

B. This bias may make it look like participants who are screened have better health outcomes than those who are not based on the characteristics of individuals who participate in screening programs.

C. This bias may make it look like cases of disease that are identified in screening programs have better outcomes than those identified after becoming symptomatic, when in fact, cases identified via screening may inherently have better prognoses than those not identified via screening.

1. Lead time bias

2. Length bias

3. Selection bias