Mob violence against abolitionists. was confined to border and southern cities such as Baltimore, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Nashville.

Mob violence against abolitionists... was confined to border and southern cities such as Baltimore, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Nashville. was sometimes led by well-to-do "gentlemen of property and standing." targeted only the free black communities and the homes of prominent abolitionist spokespersons. never resulted in the death of an abolitionist spokesperson or free black