My course is Judical Process using the book Courts and Criminal Justice in America, 2nd Edition, Siegel/Schmalleger/Worrall/ by Pearson. I am trying...

My course is Judical Process using the book Courts and Criminal Justice in America, 2nd Edition, Siegel/Schmalleger/Worrall/ by Pearson. I am trying to do a paper on the Criminal Defense. I am suppose to trace and describe the history of criminal defense, but I am having a hard time with the information. Can someone please help with this question?

I am also to include what constitutes the effectives to counsel? and what would be examples of ineffective counsel? Can someone help with this question? I have tried to read about it and I am not understanding the meaning of effective to counsel.

thanks,