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Need an argumentative essay on Critically review the role of metabolic factors in the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Discuss weather improvin. Needs to be 10 pages. Please no plagiar
Need an argumentative essay on Critically review the role of metabolic factors in the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Discuss weather improvin. Needs to be 10 pages. Please no plagiarism.
Download file to see previous pages...In AD, information transfer at synapses is unsuccessful as the number of synapses reduces and neurons ultimately die. The most dominant risk factor of AD entails advancing age with other risk factors detailing family history, Apolipoprotein E-?4, mild cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease risk factors, head trauma and traumatic brain injury, and diet. Statistics indicate that approximately one in eight older Americans manifests Alzheimer’s disease (13%). Nearly 50% of all persons aged 85 years and above have AD. It is anticipated that the number of Americans with Alzheimer’s disease plus other dementias will increase each year as the aging U.S. population averaging around 65 years increases. Similarly, the dementia incidence within developing countries has increased considerably in line with an ageing population (Kalaria et al., 2008, p. 812). Alzheimer’s disease accounts for close to 60% whereas vascular dementia relates to 30% of the incidence. Vascular factors such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension are highly probable to enhance the burden of dementia. Diet and lifestyle have been shown to impact the risk of AD with studies implying that midlife history of disorders that influence the vascular system such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, enhance the risk of dementia inclusive of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Luchsinger, 2007, p. 119). Increasing trends manifested in demographic transition and rapid urbanization within the majority of developing countries is predicted to lead to dramatic lifestyle changes and, consequently, an enhanced incidence of AD. Risk Factors of Alzheimer's Disease Scientists have highlighted several factors that appear to play a significant role in the development of AD. however, no classic causes have been found to solely cause the complex disorder. Scientists cite age as the most significant factor that causes AD, in addition to other factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Age Increasing age can be delineated as the greatest known risk factor of AD. Alzheimer’s is not part of usual aging, but the risk of AD amplifies as one grows older. After an individual attains the age of 65, the risk of developing AD doubles about every five years whereby close to half of those aged 85 have AD. Family History and Genetics Late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with significant risk factors encompassing advanced age, incidence of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) allele, and familial history regarding AD. The predisposition to developing AD appears to be fairly higher in cases where a first degree relative has the disease. Scientists have highlighted rare changes (mutations) in three genes that ensure that an individual who inherits them will highly likely develop AD. Nevertheless, these mutations account for less than 5% of AD. The chief risk protein gene that has been highlighted so far to predispose the onset of AD encompasses apolipoprotein ?4 (APOE-?4) (Messier, 2003, p. 941). It is estimated that close to one in four Americans manifests ApoE4, while one in twenty manifests ApoE2 (Martins et al., 2006). While heredity of the ApoE4 enhances the predisposition to developing AD, ApoE2 considerably safeguards against it.