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peer1

Certainly, public administrators have contributed to the creation of public goods, they have helped to transform public policies to offer better services to the public. In fact, they have developed and cultivated public goods and services balance in the private and public sectors. Public administrators have planned and implemented ideas and strategies that have resulted in positive outcomes. Public goods and services are provided to the public by the government. The government finances public goods and services. This function of the government increment economy.  Therefore, politicians feel responsible for improving public goods and services. In the same way, manager’s accountability and outcomes are critical in public administration. Accordingly, domestics services, improve individuals’ health and the quality of life. Some household services include transport services, water supply, sanitation, education, crime prevention and many others. Some local and state public services are education, health care centers, public services, police protection and welfare programs. In fact, federal public services include clean water, clean air, official statistics, software generation, invention and many others. (Lalland Lundberg, 2007).       

Truly, all persons benefit from public goods. However, some people have more needs than others, for example, wealthy people would not need to apply for welfare service; other people should pay school tax event though they have no children in school. The issue has created an argument about paying for public goods or tax. Certainly, public good and services are provided to the public because citizens are not able to pay for roads, libraries, streets, sanitation and so on. The government provides the public services because they are used for all citizens.  Indeed, public goods and services must promote health, safety, welfare, and many others. Basically, many services may be provided by the private sector, but they are better provided for the public sector. For example, private education may be efficiently and cheaply, however, public provision serves the community better (The Social Study Help Center, 2017).

Communities are affected by the three levels of government, people behavior can be pursued, if the government is organized and work toward the community wellbeing. The government system helps to educate the community about health, child development and many others. Truly, the government concerns about recycling, toxic waste deposit and many more. Positively, the government system’s policies are widely extended to different departments, including public administration (James2004).

References

Lall, S. V. & Lundberg, M., (2017). What are public services worth, and to whom? Non-

parametric estimation of capitalization in Pune

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2007.07.001

James, S. (2004). Local Governments and Sustainability: The Power of Public Goods. PA

Times. American Society for Public Administration. Retrieved from http://patimes.org/local-governments-sustainability-power-public-goods/

The Social Study Help Center, (2017). Public Goods and Services. Retrieved from

http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Eco_Public_Goods.htm    

peer2

The function of the government is rooted in the notion that different levels of the government concentrate on different kinds of services. For the purpose of studying public administration, we know that the government varies by level such as federal, state, and local; by function; and by the agency or group that finally delivers the goods and services.

1. Research and provide an example to illustrate the goods and services provided by each level of the government—federal, state, and local.
2. Evaluate and explain how this affects the way public administration is or should be studied.

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The United States government was structured around federalism. Federalism distributes authority among the various levels of federal, state, and local government (Stillman, 2010).  Both the federal and state levels consist of executive, legislative and judicial branches.  Local government consists of two levels.  In South Carolina, where I live, those levels are county and municipal.  Each level of government offers different goods and services to citizens. 

The Executive Branch of the Federal Government is run by the President of the United States.  The President implements and enforces laws enacted by Congress, serves as Commander-in-Chief of our military, and appoints the heads of the federal agencies (NASA, IRS, Park Service, etc), including the Cabinet (Our Government, 2017).  It is these agencies that provide the goods and services to citizens.  For instance, the National Park Service cares for the national parks, preserves their natural and cultural resources, and hosts more than 275 million visitors every year (NPS, 2017). This is just one example of the many of services provided by the hundreds of agencies operating within the United States government. 

The 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution mandates that all powers not granted to the federal government are reserved for the states and the people (Our Government, 2017).  The State of South Carolina administers many goods and services related to health and safety, business development, and education and employment, to name a few.    One example (probably the most frustrating of services to citizens) is the Department of Motor Vehicles.  This is where people obtain their driver’s license as well as register their vehicles.  There is an interesting intergovernmental relationship between the state and county governments in this arena.  Every year, I receive a bill from the county I live in, for the property taxes owed on my car.  I must pay this before I can renew my license plate sticker.  I must pay my taxes to the county I live in, but the sticker comes through the state.  The two entities have worked out an arrangement so I can pay my taxes to the County and receive my new license plate sticker without having to go to the Department of Motor Vehicles. It alleviates the hassle of going to two different agencies and taking time from work to wait in long lines. 

Municipalities generally take responsibility for parks and recreation services, police and fire departments, housing services, emergency medical services, public works, and public transportation (Our Government, 2017).  I live in Summerville, South Carolina which is located in Dorchester County.  Dorchester County employs a Sheriff’s Department.  The Town of Summerville employs a police department.  The Sherriff’s department typically does not interfere with the operations of the Summerville police department unless invited.  For instance, the Dorchester County Sherriff’s Office offers special crime investigators that are outside the scope of resources for the Summerville Police Department.  The two agencies will collaborate when necessary. 

While these examples are fairly simplistic, they demonstrate the complexities of public administration at the different levels of government. Each agency and each level of government has its unique set of circumstances and responsibilities.  Because each is so different it is hard to apply streamlined management principles and uniform implementation methods, which leads to administrative problems.  Intergovernmental relations involve comprehending the complexities of the systems based on mutual interdependence, shared functions, and intertwined influence (Stillman, 2010).  I think it is easier to see this in the state and local levels as opposed to the federal level.   As citizens, we can see change and progress happen at the local level.  We see roads being fixed, trash pick-up, and police and fire department response.  This is more tangible to comprehend than scientific research being done within the federal government. 

References:

NPS.  (2017).  Retrieved from https://www.nps.gov/

Our Government.  (2017). Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/

Stillman, R. (2010).  Public Administration: Concepts and Cases, 9th Edition.  (South University). https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/1111440107/