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Need help with my writing homework on Materials and Experimental Techniques. Write a 4000 word paper answering; The description of the available experimental details for the fabrication of devices can be found in Section 3.4. However, the detailed practical techniques for a copy of any machine will be described in the main section about that device. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) used to describe the morphology of a film's surface is found in Section 3.5. The UV-visible absorption spectra of the various materials used in the construction of the organic solar cells were obtained using a Hitachi Model U-2000 Double Beam Ultra-Violet/Visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometer found in section 3.6. Finally, the Vacuum system setup and the electrical characteristics arrangements are summarized in Section 3.7.
3.2 Materials
Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-dial) (P3HT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Alaa El-Bethany's postdoctoral research synthesized titanium oxide (TiOx) and Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendritic wedges at the School of Chemistry Bangor University. Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) solutions (CLEVIS AL 4083) and pH500 were purchased from Heraeus. IC70BA was purchased from Solaris Chem Inc.
3.2.1 Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):
 .Regio-regular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used as an electron donor/hole transporter and light absorber in this study. Regio regular implies that each 3- hexylthiophene unit in the chain in the polymer is oriented in such a way that the C6H13 residue group is either head to tail or head-to-head (Joshi 2008).Because of this property, the polymer has the qualities of better ordering and self-organization during deposition, meaning that the device mobility is increased substantially (Cantatore 2000). Chirvasea et al. (2003) studied the polymer's optical and electrical properties and estimated its HOMO level at 4.7–5.1 eV and a HOMO–LUMO gap of 2.14 eV from an absorption spectrum. P3HT has favourable processing properties in solution because good films can easily be manufactured through casting, spin coating, or printing at low temperatures .
