Not all scientists are convinced of the validity of encoding-retrieval paradigm effects because:

Not all scientists are convinced of the validity of encoding-retrieval paradigm effects because: a)not all cues/states become connected to all targets b) state-dependent effects are not always found in experiments investigating these effects c) tests of recognition tend to not yield encoding-retrieval effects d)all of the above. I think it might be (a) but I am really not confident. Learning and Memory fourth edition by W.Scott Terry is the book I am studying. If you can access the book, the information is on pages 310-311. thanks so much.