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QUESTION

# On the pH scale, which numbers indicate a basic solution? An acidic solution? Why?

On the pH scale in aqueous solution, values of pH>7 indicate a basic solution.........

And of course values of pH<7 indicate an acidic solution. pH, literally "pouvoir hydrogen", measures the concentration of H_3O^+, conceived to be the acidic entity in aqueous solution. Extensive measurement has confirmed the following equilibrium in water under standard conditions:

2H_2O(aq) rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + HO^-

And this reaction can be quantified by taking the ion product:

[H_3O^+][HO^-]=10^(-14)

If we take -log_10 of both sides we get,

-log_10[H_3O^+]-log_10[HO^-]=14

But under our standard defintion of pH and pOH,

pH+pOH=14

And thus values of pH>7 indicate a preponderance of hydroxide ions, and pH<7 indicates a preponderance of hydronium ions.

What is pH at neutrality? Why?