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On the pH scale, which numbers indicate a basic solution? An acidic solution? Why?
On the ##pH## scale in aqueous solution, values of ##pH>7## indicate a basic solution.........
And of course values of ##pH<7## indicate an acidic solution. ##pH##, literally ##"pouvoir hydrogen"##, measures the concentration of ##H_3O^+##, conceived to be the acidic entity in aqueous solution. Extensive measurement has confirmed the following equilibrium in water under standard conditions:
##2H_2O(aq) rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + HO^-##
And this reaction can be quantified by taking the ion product:
##[H_3O^+][HO^-]=10^(-14)##
If we take ##-log_10## of both sides we get,
##-log_10[H_3O^+]-log_10[HO^-]=14##
But under our standard defintion of ##pH## and ##pOH##,
##pH+pOH=14##
And thus values of ##pH>7## indicate a preponderance of hydroxide ions, and ##pH<7## indicates a preponderance of hydronium ions.
What is ##pH## at neutrality? Why?
