Part I: Short Answer Explain what the terms mean and briefly contrast them. Provide examples if it helps.

Part I: Short Answer

Explain what the terms mean and briefly contrast them. Provide

examples if it helps.

(1) valid argument/sound argument

(2) deductive argument/inductive argument

(3) impressions/ideas

(4) relations of ideas/matters of fact

(5) existence as a mere idea/real existence

(6) concept-based proof of God/fact-based proof of God

Part II: Essays

Address the question in as much detail as you can and reason things out as

fully as possible. Be sure to address each part of the question.

(1)

Explain the method of doubt and Descartes's main reasons for adopting it. Is the

method well-suited to Descartes's purposes? Is it good for other purposes: for

example, use in everyday life or a court of law?

(2)

Descartes gives three arguments against knowledge: one about misperception (or

"deception by the senses"), one about dreams, and one about an "evil demon".

Explain any one of these arguments and how it calls some of our knowledge into

question (be sure to say which kind/kinds of knowledge it calls into question).

Finally, explain why, according to Descartes, the argument does not call into question

the statement 'I exist'.

(3)

Explain Hume's copy principle. Then explain the missing shade of blue example and

how it relates to the copy principle. Do you personally find the copy principle

plausible? Why or why not?

(4)

Provide a circular justification of induction (one of those discussed in lecture) and

explain why it is circular. Suppose one were to then conclude that every justification

of induction is circular on the basis of that one circular justification. Would that be a

good argument against induction? Would more instances of circular justifications

strengthen that argument against induction?

(5)

Explain Anselm's "ontological argument" for the existence of God and Guanilo's

parody of it. Who gets the best of this debate, Anselm or Guanilo? Why?

[See next page for criteria of evaluation]

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UCD, Spring 2018

PHI 1, Dr. Dorsey

Note: Short answer questions are purely expository, so the criteria listed under 'Evaluation' do not apply.

Criteria of evaluation

:

Exposition

•

clarity

•

fullness

•

accuracy

Evaluation

•

degree to which things are reasoned out

•

strength of argument

•

originality

General

•

structure/organizatio