Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with VisualsUsing feedback from your professor and classmates, revise Parts 1 and 2, and add Part 3. Plan to include visuals to illustrate the

Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with Visuals

Using feedback from your professor and classmates, revise Parts 1 and 2, and add Part 3. Plan to include visuals to illustrate the advantages of your proposed solution.

Write an eight to ten (8-10) page complete paper in which you:Provide Part I: Revision of A Problem Exists (3-4 pages)

1. Revise your Persuasive Paper Part 1: A Problem Exists, using feedback from the professor and classmates.

Provide Part 2: Revision of Part 2: Solution to Problem and Advantages (3-4 pages)

1. Revise your Persuasive Paper Part 2: Solution to Problem and Advantages, using feedback from the professor and classmates.

Develop Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with Visuals (1-2 pages, for 7-9 total pages)

1. State, explain, and support the first disadvantage to your solution and provide a logical answer. This should be one (1) paragraph.
2. State, explain, and support the second (and third if desired) disadvantage to your solution and provide a logical answer. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
3. Include one or two (1-2) relevant visuals that help illustrate an advantage. Note: You must include a minimum of one (1) paragraph explaining the relevance of the included image. The responsibility of the author is to justify the inclusion (not to let the reader “figure it out”).
4. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
5. Provide a concluding paragraph to summarize the proposed solution, its advantages, possible disadvantages, and answers to the disadvantages. Repeat or paraphrase your thesis statement. 
6. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
7. Use one (1) or more rhetorical strategy (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain claims.
8. Support disadvantages and answers with at least two (2) additional quality relevant references. Use at least eight (8) total for Parts 1, 2, and 3. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting guidelines:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Note: Submit your assignment to the designated plagiarism program so that you can make revisions before submitting your paper to your professor.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Recognize the elements and correct use of a thesis statement.
• Associate the features of audience, purpose, and text with various genres.
• Analyze the rhetorical strategies of ethos, pathos, logos in writing samples and for incorporation into essays or presentations.
• Correct grammatical and stylistic errors consistent with Standard Written English. Prepare a research project that supports an argument with structure and format appropriate to the genre.
• Revise drafts to improve clarity, support, and organization.
• Recognize how to organize ideas with transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
• Incorporate relevant, properly documented sources to substantiate ideas.
• Use technology and information resources to research selected issues for this course.
• Write clearly and concisely about selected topics using proper writing mechanics. 

Excessive taxation on alcohol and tobacco can help to generate revenue to support access to health for socially disadvantaged groups. Every year, the federal government announces increased taxes on tobacco and alcohol products. While taxation efforts are often meant to decrease incidences of cancer and other diseases brought by alcohol and substance abuse, the health costs continue to overburden the national budget. Such taxes can help generate revenue to improve access to health and develop health facilities and infrastructures.

            The topic I selected is “Should Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco be increased to help pay for rising Medical Costs?” There are various reasons why I have selected this topic. Alcohol and tobacco are some of the leading causes of deaths in the United States since they shorten the lives of those who die by approximately 30 years (Bird, R. M., 2015). Alcohol and tobacco abuse often result in high cases of cancer and liver diseases as more and more patients get admitted. Some of these patients cannot afford to foot excessive hospital bills, yet they pay high taxes when they buy alcohol or cigarettes. Therefore, this paper furthers champions the idea of supporting hospital expenses of these patients. Another reason for selecting this topic is to inform and enlighten the public on the potential benefits of taxing tobacco and alcohol production on the country’s healthcare system in general.

Alcohol taxes have dropped by 37 percent in swelling adjusted terms since 1991, when Congress last adjusted them, and are relied upon to fall another 8 percent throughout the following decade. This is because alcohol taxes are based on the volume as opposed to the estimation of the great being purchased, so the measure of the tax does not consequently increase the cost of the item increases. (For instance, consider a glass of wine that cost $4 in 1991. The tax on this glass of wine was 4 cents or 1 percent of the purchase cost. In the present dollars, the comparable (swelling adjusted) cost for the same glass of wine is $6.28, however, the tax is still 4 cents — 0.64 percent of the purchase cost.) Since alcohol taxes are not ordered for expansion, expansion has significantly dissolved their genuine incentive after some time — and will keep on doing so.

The history of the issue on whether taxes on alcohol and tobacco should be increased can be followed back to 1994 when a cigarette excise tax increase was suggested to help in subsidizing some portion of the President's universal health care program. The proposal, which suggested an excise tax increase of 75 cents for each pack of cigarette, got considerable public support. This proposal was based on the contention that such taxation could create almost $11 billion every year and be generally simple to administer because it would upgrade the present maker's excise tax on these products (Bird, R. M., 2015). In the President's financial plan for 1995 money-related year, it was emphasized that such taxation would assist in providing food for additional healthcare costs of smoking and help in discouraging individuals, especially the adolescent, from smoking. The fundamental arguments that have been raised in support of the increase in taxes on alcohol and tobacco are fixated on the potential for income, lessening the rising restorative costs, and equity.

Reversing the erosion of alcohol taxes would not just raise required revenues to help back health care change yet, in addition, decrease the costs that alcohol abuse imposes on American society. Two-thirds of Americans support raising alcohol taxes to help back health care change, as indicated by a current survey.

Alcohol abuse cost the U.S. economy $185 billion out of 1998, as indicated by a study led by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The effect goes well past direct medicinal costs. Alcohol abuse also results in lost profitability, lost earnings from unexpected losses (around 79,000 Americans pass on every year from excessive alcohol use, as indicated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), and increased wrongdoing (Harwood H., 2000).

Because of these costs, both health and economics experts support increasing alcohol excise taxes. For instance, a vast gathering of economists, including four Nobel laureates and three previous presidents of the American Economic Association, issued a statement in 2005 calling for increases in excise taxes on alcohol. Similarly, the National Academy of Sciences has suggested raising alcohol excise tax rates, especially those on the brew, to discourage underage drinking. What's more, a 2007 report by the Surgeon General noticed that increasing the cost of alcohol use could diminish alcohol consumption by teenagers.

There are various ways through which the Congress can raise alcohol taxes: First and Foremost, the Congress should restore the taxes to their 1991 levels, adjusted for expansion, in 2010 and list them for swelling from that point. Since 1991 was the last year in which alcohol taxes increased, the swelling adjusted 1991 levels are a characteristic level to which Congress should need to return them. Under this choice, taxes would go up by 4 cents on a jug of brew (to a sum of 9 cents) and by 3 cents on a glass of wine (to a sum of 7 cents). This would raise generally $27 billion more than ten years. Because current expansion projections are low, ordering the taxes for swelling without also returning them to their genuine 1991 levels in 2010 would give just small short-term savings: $2 billion more than ten years (Cnossen S. and Smart M., 2005).

Secondly, the Congress should set alcohol taxes at a uniform $16 per proof gallon. This alternative, laid out in a current Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report, reflects the conviction that since a blended drink, a jug of brew, and a glass of wine all contain a similar measure of alcohol, they should be taxed similarly. At present, distilled spirits are taxed more intensely than different forms of alcohol, at $13.50 per proof gallon.) Under this alternative, taxes would go up by 9 cents on a container of lager and by 10 cents on a glass of wine, for an aggregate tax in the two cases of around 14 cents. According to CBO, this choice would raise $60 billion more than ten years and $28 billion more than five.

Moreover, the Congress should tax all forms of alcohol at the level that distilled spirits were taxed in 1991, adjusted for expansion, and list the tax for swelling going ahead. This alternative establishes a uniform tax for various types of alcohol. This alternative also raises the most income of the three proposals. Under this alternative, taxes would go up by 13 cents on a jug of lager and by 14 cents on a glass of wine, for an aggregate tax in the two cases of around 18 cents (Cnossen S. and Smart M., 2005).

In conclusion, People smoke's identity at a higher risk for lung malignancy and cardiovascular diseases. Individuals who consume alcohol are at a higher risk for liver, kidney, and cardiovascular diseases. Because these diseases are enormous contributors to the rising costs of healthcare, it is reasonable for taxing the general population who take part in the behaviors that cause the diseases, with a specific end goal to pay for the treatment of the diseases. It is uncalled for to ask individuals who don't participate in these activities to pay higher taxes to care for individuals who intentionally put themselves at risk.

Reference

·         Bird, R. M., (2015). Tobacco and alcohol excise taxes for improving public health and revenue outcomes: marrying sin and virtue? (English). Policy Research working paper; no. WPS 7500. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.

·         Cnossen S. and Smart M. (2005). “Taxation of Tobacco,” in S.Cnossen, ed., Theory and Practice of Excise Taxation: Smoking, Drinking, Gambling, Polluting, and Driving Oxford: Oxford University Press.

·         De A. and Gina, (2000). Nicotine and Cigarettes. United States of America: Chelsea House Publishers.

·         Harwood H., (2000). “Updating Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States,” The Lewin Group for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

·         O’Hagan J. and A. Reilly (1995) “The Taxation of Alcoholic Beverages,” in C. Sandford, ed., More Key Issues in Tax Reform Bath UK: Fiscal

**********ALSO USE THIS PAPER BELOW TO REWRITE THE PAPER**********PART 2

Should Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco be increased to help pay for rising Medical Costs?

Identification of the Topic Selected

The topic selected is “Should Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco be increased to help pay for rising Medical Costs?” There are various reasons why I have selected this topic. Alcohol and tobacco are some of the leading causes of deaths in the United States, since they shorten the lives of those who die by approximately 30 years (Daley et al. 2012). Alcohol and tobacco abuse often results in high cases of cancer and liver diseases as more and more patients get admitted. Some of these patients cannot afford to foot excessive hospital bills, yet they pay high taxes when they buy alcohol or cigarettes.  Therefore, this paper furthers champions the idea of supporting hospital expenses of these patients. Another reason for selecting this topic is to inform and enlighten the public on the potential benefits of taxing tobacco and alcohol production on the country’s healthcare system in general.

Thesis Statement

Excessive taxation on alcohol and tobacco can help to generate revenue to support access to health for socially disadvantaged groups. Every year, the federal government announces increased taxes on tobacco and alcohol products. While taxation efforts are often meant to decrease incidences of cancer and other diseases brought by alcohol and substance abuse, the health costs continues to overburden the national budget. Such taxes can help generate revenue to improve access to health and develop health facilities and infrastructures.

Characteristics of the Target Audiences

The primary target audience can be segmented into three main characteristics: decision-making capability, official position, and their public view on the issue. From a decision-making perspective, the paper targets policymakers who formulate rules and regulations about taxes and health issues. When examined based on the position that they occupy, the paper targets legislators, health researchers, economists, head of health agencies and departments, as well as federal cabinet members. When it comes to their public view, most policymakers from both sides of the political divide agree on the need to increase tobacco and alcohol taxation in an effort to minimize consumption. They also agree on the need to increase revenue to support health care programs.

Paper Scope

The overall structure of the paper will be subdivided into three parts. However, the research proposal will have key elements such as introduction, theoretical framework, literature review, and the methodology section. The introduction will provide a brief background of the topic, alongside research problems that have been identified. The theoretical framework will provide a theoretical or conceptual framework for understanding the research questions and hypotheses.  Thereafter, a comprehensive overview of previous works done on this topic will be examined in the literature review section. Finally, the methodology section will spell out all the designs and data gathering and analysis methods that will be utilized.

Key Questions the Audience Needs

Examples of key questions that the audience will need include:

1.      Can revenue generated from tobacco and alcohol taxation be sufficient to pay high medical costs?

2.      What is the total amount of revenue generated every year from taxation of tobacco and alcohol?

3.      In what ways can the revenue be used to settle high medical costs?

4.      Is it a viable policy?

Plan

The research proposal will be developed before embarking on the data gathering process. The study will use mixed methods design that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods. The main stratified sampling will be used to select the participants. Further, interviews, questionnaires, and focus groups will be used as the main data gathering process.

Sources that will be Used

Bird, R. M. (2015). Tobacco and alcohol excise taxes for improving public health and

revenue outcomes: marrying sin and virtue?. Policy Research Working Paper,

(7500), 1-35

This scholarly article stresses on the idea that excise taxes imposed on alcohol and tobacco has for a long time been a significantly dependable source of revenue in many nations. As a research source, the article can be used to stress on the need to channel such funds for public health benefits.

Marr, C., & Huang, C. (2014). Higher Tobacco Taxes Can Improve Health and Raise

Revenue. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (March 19, 2014), available at<

http://www. cbpp. org/research/higher-tobacco-taxes-can-improve-health-and-raise-

revenue>(last visited April 12, 2016).

In this work, Marr and Huang (2014) supports the federal government’s proposal that excise tax on tobacco products and extra revenues can help improve the health care sector and build schools. In this paper, the source reinforces the fact that the revenue is high and sufficient to cater for health needs of Americans.

Daley, J. I., Stahre, M. A., Chaloupka, F. J., & Naimi, T. S. (2012). The impact of a 25-cent-

per-drink alcohol tax increase. American journal of preventive medicine, 42(4), 382-

389.

            In this scholarly work, Daley et. al. (2012) argue that excessive consumption of alcohol causes more than 70000 deaths in the United States every year. This source provides overwhelming evidence on the rationale for imposing high taxes on alcohol.

.

References

Daley, J. I., Stahre, M. A., Chaloupka, F. J., & Naimi, T. S. (2012). The impact of a 25-cent-

per-drink alcohol tax increase. American journal of preventive medicine, 42(4), 382-

389.

Bird, R. M. (2015). Tobacco and alcohol excise taxes for improving public health and

revenue outcomes: marrying sin and virtue?. Policy Research Working Paper,

(7500), 1-35

Marr, C., & Huang, C. (2014). Higher Tobacco Taxes Can Improve Health and Raise

Revenue. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (March 19, 2014), available at<

http://www. cbpp. org/research/higher-tobacco-taxes-can-improve-health-and-raise-

revenue>(last visited April 12, 2016).