Phase changes of water (conversions between ice, liquid water, and water vapor) occur constantly in Earth's atmosphere.

Phase changes of water (conversions between ice, liquid water, and water vapor) occur constantly in Earth's atmosphere. Heat is either released into the atmosphere (heating the air) or extracted from the atmosphere (cooling the air) during phase changes. Use your knowledge of phase changes to answer questions 7 through 9.

7. Which of the six phase changes would release the largest amount of heat into the atmosphere a. Deposition b. Condensation c. Freezing d. sublimation

8. Which of the six phase changes would extract the most heat from the atmosphere a. Evaporation b. Sublimation c. Melting d. Condensation

9. What phase changes can occur during cloud formation a. Evaporation and condensation b. Sublimation and melting c. Condensation and deposition d. Freezing and sublimation

10.Saturation vapor pressure is a function of (related to)which weather variable (a) Wind speed (b) Air temperature (c) Precipitation amount (d) Dew point temperature (e) Relative humidity

11.Vapor pressure is a function of (related to) which weather variable (a) Wind speed (b) Air temperature (c) Precipitation amount (d) Dew point temperature (e) Relative humidity

The following air temperature (T) and dew point temperature (Td) values were reported at cities across the United States in late spring. Using this data to answer questions 12 through 16

12.Which city has the highest saturation vapor pressure? a. Detroit, MI b. Tucson, Az c. Bismarck, SD d. Dallas, TX e. Nashville, TN

13.Which city has the lowest relative humidity? a. Detroit, MI b. Tucson, Az c. Bismarck, SD d. Dallas, TX e. Nashville, TN

14.Which city has the highest vapor pressure? a. Detroit, MI b. Tucson, Az c. Bismarck, SD d. Dallas, TX e. Nashville, TN

15.Which city has the highest relative humidity? a. Detroit, MI b. Tucson, Az c. Bismarck, SD d. Dallas, TX e. Nashville, TN

16.Which city has the lowest vapor pressure? a. Detroit, MI b. Tucson, Az c. Bismarck, SD d. Dallas, TX e. Nashville, TN

17.What is the local time in Seattle, WA, for a weather observation made on Thursday, 07/20/2017 at 1500 UTC

a. 10:00 AM

b. 8:00 AM

c. 9:00 AM

d. 2:00 PM

e. None of the above

18.What is the local time in New York, NY, for a weather observation made on Tuesday, 12/13/2016 at 1200 UTC a. 10:00 AM b. 8:00 AM c. 7:00 AM d. 2:00 PM e. None of the above

19.What is the local time in Denver, CO, for a weather observation made on Wednesday, 08/16/2017 at 0001 UTC

a. 10:00 AM, Tuesday, 08/15/2017

b. 8:00 AM, Wednesday, 08/16/2017

c. 7:00 PM, Tuesday 08/15/2017

d. 2:00 PM, Tuesday 08/15/2017

e. None of the above

42. An unsaturated air parcel with a temperature of 10C is lifted 1500 meters. Assume that at this new level, the parcel is the same temperature as the environment. The temperature of the environment is closest to ________.

a. 19C

b. 13C

c. 3C

d. -3C

e. -5C

43. Under which set of the conditions below would you expect wet wash hanging outside on a clothesline to dry the fastest? Air Relative Wind Temp Humidity Speed

a. 80F 60% 25 mph

b. 50F 60% 25 mph

c. 50F 30% 15 mph

d. 80F 30% 25 mph

e. 80F 60% 15 mph

44. Suppose a parcel of cool air has a temperature and dew point of 40F, while a parcel of hot air has a temperature of 100F and a dew point of 25F. The hot air contains ________ water vapor than the cold air, and the cold air has a ________ relative humidity. a. less, lower b. less, higher c. more, lower d. more, higher e. more, similar

45. Clouds and precipitation are more likely on the ________ side of a mountain, due to ________.

a. windward, overrunning

b. leeward, overrunning

c. windward, orographic lifting

d. leeward, orographic lifting

e. windward, surface divergence

46. Suppose the sun's average surface temperature increases from 6000 K to 12,000 K. What is the wavelength (in micrometers) at which the sun would be emitting the majority of its radiation (Use Wien's Law to calculate the wavelength)

a. 0.5 m

b. 0.67 m

c. 0.25 m

d. 1 m

e. 10 m

47. If cold outside air of temperature 10F is brought indoors and warmed with no change in its water vapor content, the relative humidity of this air will ________ and the dew point will ________.

a. increase, decrease

b. decrease, remain the same

c. increase, remain the same

d. decrease, increase

e. decrease, decrease

48. How many heating degree-days would there be in a city when the maximum temperature is 40 oF and the minimum temperature is 20 oF (assume a base temperature of 65 oF)

a. 40 heating-degree days

b. 20 heating-degree days

c. 35 heating-degree days

d. 40 heating-degree days

49. How many cooling degree days would there be in a city when the maximum temperature is 95 oF and the minimum temperature is 75 oF (assume a base temperature of 65 oF) a. 40 cooling-degree days

b. 20 cooling-degree days

c. 35 cooling-degree days

d. 40 cooling-degree days

50. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, how much energy (in W/m2 ) would the earth's surface be emitting if its surface temperature was 300 K?

a. 450 W/m2

b. 460 W/m2

c. 500 W/m2

d. 420 W/m2