Please start new threads and post separate original responses for each of the following questions you select, and complete your participation (at least 100-150 words for each question) due on Wednesda

Please start new threads and post separate original responses for each of the following questions you select, and complete your participation (at least 100-150 words for each question) due on Wednesday 11/8/2017 at 12 pm.

Examine the major communication systems and pathways for ordinary emergency communications within the EOC.

Discuss how these pathways differ in a unified command setting.

1.) Emergency communication – Alerts communication

FEMA has developed the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System or IPAWS for wide dissemination of emergency alerts. It is a truly universal system designed to work in any type of disaster: https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/videos/77356.

Among the challenges to adopting the IPAWS by a jurisdiction, the emergency managers name standards’ development, user acceptance, system management and infrastructure funding (Moore, 2010). Bring an example of an alert system that worked efficiently in an emergency or a disaster. Conversely, describe a situation when the Emergency Alert System (DEAS, CMAS) was activated too late and affected emergency response. Did the Alert System in your example include crafted messages for people with disabilities and non-English speakers? Were any communities particularly vulnerable due to a late emergency alert or slow response?

2.) Incident Command & Unified Command

According to Moynihan (2009), the ICS operates under a pressure of “decisional urgency, high uncertainty, and threat” (p. 910). Bring an example from recent emergencies where the ICS (or a similar emergency network governance system) played a central role in effective response operations. How did communication help to assert control in that emergency if at all? What would be the best approach for the PIO to establish a common language with the ICS departments and members retaining s significant degree of autonomy? Is there a difference in between PIO and Liaison Officer within the ICS? If Unified Command or the Incident Commander is the official person in charge of releasing incident related information, why can the PIO not assume this responsibility?

3.) Additional (reserve) question on ICS

Moynihan (2009) describes the ICS as a network with fragmented authority, providing “only temporary and partial control over members that retain significant autonomy (p. 898). Taking into account a need for effective coordination and communication during the crisis, what would the ways for a PIO to “foster collaboration among relatively autonomous actors”? (Moynihan, p.898). What are the main challenges for the PIO in this regard?