Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Child Developmental theories. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is requir

Provide a 2 pages analysis while answering the following question: Child Developmental theories. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. 25 pts What domains does this theorist describe as developing? i.e. physical, social, emotional, cognitive, all Is this theory considered A “stage” theory.

What does he or she describe as the primary impetus for

Children’s developmental change.

Briefly summarize the theory or what the theorist is most known for.

Sigmund Freud 1856-1939

Psychosexual

yes

Satisfaction of a libidinal needs

Unconscious desires control human behavior. Id, ego, and super ego are the basic components of the mind.

Lev. Vygotsky 1986-1934

Cognitive, social and language

yes

Culture

Development is impacted by interactions with culture, friends, and families. There are eight stages throughout lifetime that personality develops

Jean Piaget 1896-1980

Cognitive and social

yes

Interactions with culture, friends, and families

Development occurs in eight stages. Development is impacted by interactions with culture, friends, and families.

Erik Erikson 1902-1994

Emotional, psychological and social

yes

Overcoming a conflict

A child is considered an active learner developing through stages.

John Bowlby 1907-1990

Emotional and psychological

no

Conditional behaviors

Learning occurs gradually and continuous. Development occurs due to specific conditional behaviors. Emphasizes on the environment, rather than hereditary. Observable behaviors are the most import.

B. F. Skinner 1904-1990

Language

no

Environment

Learning occurs gradually and continuous. Development occurs due to specific conditional behaviors. Observable behaviors are the most import.

Uri Bronfenbrenner 1907-2005

Social

Yes

Both Environment and hereditary

Balance between nurture and nature. Child is at the middle of concentric factors that affects the child.

Lawence Kohlberg Born 1926

psychological

Yes

morality

Moral development is continuous and occurs throughout lifetime.

Howard Gardner Born 1943

Psychological and social

no

Multiple intelligence

Multiple intelligence, including special relations, music, and interpersonal knowledge

Arnold Gesell (1880

1961)

physical

Yes

Nature or heredity

Growth and development take place in a series of stages. Personal genetic makeup affects maturation rate

10pts

Select 3 developmental theories and discuss how viewing development from these “theoretical lenses” might impact your clinical Physical therapy or Occupational therapy practice working with children.

Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the development and use of theory in physical and occupational therapy. Therapists have realized that theory is not only meant for academic field, but is also useful in the clinical setting and community at large. In addition, therapists have realized that theory is not only useful for the sake of understanding ideas and concepts, but also for informing, explaining and guiding the practice of therapy. Three of the theories can help direct the physical and occupational therapy on children include Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic child development theories and Jean Piaget

To begin with, the application of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory in physical and occupational theory can be of great value in the sense that emphasizes the importance of childhood experiences and events on development. Unlike other theorists, Freud focused mainly on the mental disorders, as opposed to normal functioning in child development. In his theory, Freud described child development in a series of psychosexual stages. The stages, according to Freud include oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. In this regard, Freud noted that each of the stages require the satisfaction of a libidinal needs which can also play an important role during adulthood. Freud also found out that it is not easy for a child to complete each of the stages successfully and noted that a child would develop a fixation that would later impact adult personality and behavior. Therefore, understanding this theory might help physical and occupational therapists in applying effective therapies on children by taking regard their developmental stages and patterns.

Another developmental theory that can be of value to therapists is Erik Erickson’s emotional psychological development theory. This theory was build upon Freud’s earlier works. Erickson identified eight important stages in a child’s development. According to Erickson, each of these stages is marred by a conflict that must be resolved in order for a child to develop emotionally and socially. In addition, he noted that each stage has both negative and positive outcome, though people tend to be at either ends of the spectrum. Erickson also noted that the failure of success in dealing with the crisis in each of the stages could affect overall functioning. Erickson’s theory is useful in therapy since it suggests that child development requires that therapists deal with conflicts first, which is important.

Lastly, Jean Piaget’s child development theory is also crucial as far as the application of theory in therapy is concerned. According to theory, Piaget suggested that children learn by actively constructing knowledge through experience. He posited that the roles of adults in assisting a child to learn is by provide the necessary materials for the child to be able to interact and construct. This is an important suggestion that therapists can apply when working with children in a clinical setup.