Question 1 (5 points) You come home from middle school one afternoon with a report card that boasts all As. You can't wait to show your grandmother,...

Question 1 (5 points)

You come home from middle school one afternoon with a report card that boasts all As. You can't wait to show your grandmother, who has recently been visiting from out of town. When you hand her the report card, she has to hold it at arm's length in order to read it, because the lenses of her eyes are no longer able to accommodate to objects that are nearby. This eye condition, called __________, is very common in older people.

Question 1 options:

cataract

presbyopia

presbycusis

retinitis pigmentosa

SaveQuestion 2 (5 points)

Why is it so difficult for many toxins and poisons to penetrate the blood-brain barrier?

Question 2 options:

Because the human immune system has killer T cells, which attack such foreign agents.

Because those agents are too large to get out of the human blood stream.

Because the presence of such invaders triggers a fever, which kills them.

Because those agents are not soluble in fat.

SaveQuestion 3 (5 points)

Which of the following is found in the definition of the term psychology?

Question 3 options:

scientific study

cognition

relationships

experimental methods

SaveQuestion 4 (5 points)

Ben and Marcie are having a very deep conversation while Ben is cooking dinner for them to enjoy. He gets so distracted by their chat that he fails to realize he is about to place his hand on a scalding hot pan. Just as he is about to get burned, he yanks his hand away with a shout. "Whew," Ben says. "It's a good thing my __________ were working, or I might not have realized that pan was so hot until it was too late!"

Question 4 options:

heat-sensitive neurons

burn-aware neurons

efferent neurons

sensory neurons

SaveQuestion 5 (5 points)

Once you have established a problem that can be studied empirically, the next step is to identify the variables that will be investigated. How many variables that can change throughout an experiment should a researcher investigate?

Question 5 options:

Only one variable can change throughout an experiment.

Exactly three variables can change throughout an experiment.

The number of variables that can change throughout an experiment may differ based on the particular research question.

It is impossible to limit the number of variables that can change throughout an experiment.

SaveQuestion 6 (5 points)

"People who have relationship difficulties clearly have unresolved unconscious issues that remain from difficult experiences during childhood," a researcher hypothesizes. What is the basic error of this hypothetical statement?

Question 6 options:

It is too subjective and may be based on the researcher's own personal issues.

It is not based on any specific, clearly stated problem.

It cannot be proven or disproven and thus is not open to scientific inquiry.

It has been presented before any empirical data was collected to verify it.

SaveQuestion 7 (5 points)

A good friend of yours tells you that he has a new job at a bakery. "Oh man, you are so lucky," you tell him. "You get to smell that fresh bread and the donuts all day long. I'd LOVE to work there." Your buddy shakes his head and says, "You know, that's what I thought, but after I'm there for a few minutes I don't even smell the baked goods that much anymore." Because you've studied psychology, you know that his loss of responsiveness to the great scents is explained by sensory __________.

Question 7 options:

adaptation

minimization

transformation

declination

SaveQuestion 8 (5 points)

The __________ is responsible for survival-oriented functions such as breathing, cardiac function, and basic arousal.

Question 8 options:

brainstem

limbic system

somatic nervous system

heart

SaveQuestion 9 (5 points)

What is the optic chiasm?

Question 9 options:

the separation between the retinal cone layer and the retinal rod layer

the point near the base of the brain where some of the fibers from the optic nerve cross over to the opposite side of the brain

the special name given to the synapses between the sensory neurons of the retina and the motor neurons of the optic nerve

the technical name for the size of the opening of the pupil

SaveQuestion 10 (5 points)

A neuron's axon can "talk to" one of three different targets. Which of the following is one of those possible targets?

Question 10 options:

glands

skin cells

organs

glial cells

SaveQuestion 11 (5 points)

"I'm ready to go," Olivia told her husband. "I wore a new perfume tonight. I hope you like it!" Olivia's husband nodded dutifully and told her how nice it smelled, but in truth he couldn't smell a thing. According to the principles of psychophysics, Olivia was not wearing enough perfume to exceed her husband's __________.

Question 11 options:

Weberian level

just noticeable difference

absolute threshold

difference threshold

SaveQuestion 12 (5 points)

Because you are bored one afternoon, you decide to try a little experiment. You open your eye very wide, extend your thumb, and then poke yourself in the eye. Aside from being very foolish and in a lot of pain, you may learn something about your eye when you engage in this masochistic behavior. The very first thing your thumb would touch as it made contact with your eye would be the __________.

Question 12 options:

cornea

retina

lens

iris

SaveQuestion 13 (5 points)

As Cecilia is getting ready for the orchestra performance in which she is about to participate, she takes time to tune her violin. She listens carefully to the pitch of each string, which is indicated by the __________ of the sound wave it produces, to determine if she needs to make an adjustment in the instrument.

Question 13 options:

wavelength

frequency

timbre

amplitude

SaveQuestion 14 (5 points)

As you watch your favorite team play football on a brisk Sunday afternoon, you start thinking back to your recent lecture on neuropsychology. You watch as the quarterback sends a blistering pass to the wide receiver, who takes the ball and heads up the field with it. If you were to relate this scene to a neuron's activities, which football player would represent the presynaptic neuron?

Question 14 options:

the defender

the receiver

the quarterback

None of the players would represent the presynaptic neuron. The action of the presynaptic neuron would best be represented by the referee on the field.

SaveQuestion 15 (5 points)

An area of reduced sound around the ear farther away from where a sound originates is referred to as a sound __________.

Question 15 options:

umbra

muting

depression

shadow

SaveQuestion 16 (5 points)

What did John Locke mean when he stated that the human mind is a tabula rasa?

Question 16 options:

Human beings are naturally evil.

Human beings are like sponges that can only hold a specific amount of information.

Human beings are born with no innate knowledge.

Human beings are nothing more than the sum of our chromosomes, and we can never exceed the restrictions of genetics.

SaveQuestion 17 (5 points)

Dr. Esterson is studying the effect of caffeine on laboratory rats. He has decided that he will give the rats 100 mg of caffeine three times a day and then run them through mazes at various points to see if there is any change in the time it takes to complete the maze. Based on his review of existing research addressing this topic, Dr. Esterson believes that the rats will complete the maze the fastest immediately after they ingest the caffeine. Dr. Esterson's belief about the results he will find is called a __________.

Question 17 options:

covariate

construct

theory

hypothesis

SaveQuestion 18 (5 points)

It is a commonly known fact that dogs have a much keener sense of smell than do human beings. What is not commonly known, however, is why. Because you have studied psychophysics, you know the answer to this question. What is it?

Question 18 options:

Dogs have a better sense of smell because their sense of smell compensates for the fact that their sense of taste is so poorly developed.

Dogs have a better sense of smell because their noses are proportionally larger than the noses of human beings.

Dogs have a better sense of smell because they have far more scent receptors than do human beings.

Dogs have a better sense of smell because their olfactory processing centers are larger than the same part of the brain in human beings.

SaveQuestion 19 (5 points)

What happens to an action potential when it comes to one of the nodes of Ranvier?

Question 19 options:

The action potential jumps from node to node, which is how it moves down the axon with great speed.

The action potential gets rebounded back to the soma, where it has to be reestablished.

The action potential dissipates and fails to make it to the next neuron, which is why illnesses that cause the nodes of Ranvier are so devastating.

The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released from the node.

SaveQuestion 20 (5 points)

__________ refers to the way we select, organize, and interpret sensory information.

Question 20 options:

Sensation

Gustation

Olfaction

Perception