Question 1 Electrons are transferred spontaneously from molecules with low electron affinity to molecules with high electron affinity.

Question 1Electrons are transferred spontaneously from molecules with low electron affinity to molecules with high electron affinity. For the following pairs of reactions, determine which molecule will be oxidized and which one will be reduced. Reduction PotentialA.NAD+ + H+ + 2 e– -> NADHcytochrome c (Fe3+) + e– -> cytochrome c (Fe2+)-0.41 V+0.25 VB.oxaloacetate + 2 H+ + 2 e– -> malatepyruvate + 2 H+ + 2 e– -> lactate–0.18 V–0.19 VC.cytochrome c (Fe3+) + e– -> cytochrome c (Fe2+)½ O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e– -> H2O+0.25 V+0.82 VQuestion 2Why is energy required to move protons out of the mitochondrial matrix? Question 3How does ATP synthase use the proton-motive force to make ATP? Question 5What are some of the sources of experimental error in respirometer experiments? Question 6In yeast fermentation, CO2 is produced as a function of time. The production of CO2 by yeast is responsible for the rising of bread. Plot the relative the amount of carbon dioxide produced as a function of time: A.For temperatures of 10oC and 25oCB.For 1 μM and 2 μM glucoseC.For each set, which condition is associated with a faster rate? Explain the concept of reaction rate.Question 7In the seed germination experiment, what effect did the respirometer corrections have on the rate of carbon dioxide production?Question 8Calculate the number of ATP molecules made when one molecule of each compound is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water: A.Fructose-6-phosphateB.Acetyl-CoA