Question 1 of 254.0 PointsWhich of the following is not one of the four criteria for the utility of epidemiologic data?

Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.Use this data to answer the next 5 questions. What type of study is this? A.Case-control B.Cohort C.Case-series D.DescriptiveReset SelectionQuestion 9 of 254.0 PointsDoes this study have an exposure status variable? A.Yes, lifestyle B.Yes, disease type C.Yes, gender of patient D.Yes, gender of patient and disease typeReset SelectionQuestion 10 of 254.0 PointsWhich number best approximates risk associated with Alcohol Drinking among Men: A.2.11 B.0.92 C.0.71 D.1.37Reset SelectionQuestion 11 of 254.0 PointsWhich number best approximates risk associated with Coffee Drinking among Men? A.2.11 B.0.94 C.1.02 D.3.50Reset SelectionQuestion 12 of 254.0 PointsBased on your calculations above, which factor has the strongest association with cancer for men? A.the factors show no variation in the association B.not enough information to determine C.Coffee drinking D.Alcohol consumptionReset SelectionQuestion 13 of 254.0 PointsCohort study is to risk ratio as: A.ecologic fallacy is to cross-sectional study B.genetics is to environment C.case-control study is to odds ratio D.A and CReset SelectionQuestion 14 of 254.0 PointsA five-year prospective cohort study has just been completed. The study was designed to assess the association between supplemental vitamin A exposure and mortality and morbidity for measles. The RR for incidence of measles was 0.75 and the RR for measles mortality was 0.5. Which statement is correct? A.A cohort study is not an appropriate study design in this case because the association between one exposure and two different outcomes is being considered B.One of the problems that this study may have faced is individuals lost to follow-up during the five-year period C.A cohort study is not a good design to study this association because measles is a very common disease D.None of the aboveReset SelectionQuestion 15 of 254.0 PointsRegarding the RR reported above, which statement is correct A.Exposure to vitamin A appears to protect against morbidity and mortality for measles. B.Exposure to vitamin A appears to be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality for measles C.Exposure to vitamin A is not associated with morbidity and mortality for measles D.Exposure to vitamin A is a risk factor for morbidity and a protective factor for mortality for measlesReset SelectionQuestion 16 of 254.0 PointsSubjects for an exposure-based cohort study (when the exposure of interest is rare) would be selected Most appropriately from: A.certain occupational groups such as battery workers B.the residents of a large U.S. county C.male Harvard alumni from 1916 to 1950 D.all of the aboveReset SelectionQuestion 17 of 254.0 PointsNested case-control studies: A.use subjects drawn from a cohort study. B.provide a degree of control over confounding C.reduce the cost of collecting exposure information D.all of the aboveReset SelectionQuestion 18 of 254.0 PointsPractical considerations in the design of cohort studies do not usually include A.availability of exposure data B.size and cost of the cohort C.follow-up issues D.age of the investigatorReset SelectionQuestion 19 of 254.0 PointsThe purpose of double-blinding in clinical trials is to A.reduce error that results from the way in which the outcome is assessed B.reduce error that results from subjects' knowledge of their assignment to study conditions C.reduce error that results from non-random assignment to study conditions D.A and B only E.all of the aboveReset SelectionQuestion 20 of 254.0 PointsPhase III clinical trials for a cancer drug involve A.initial testing in humans B.establishing toxicity levels C.comparing survival rates for the new drug versus existing therapies D.establishing maximum tolerated doseReset SelectionQuestion 21 of 254.0 PointsThe purpose of randomization is to A.reduce error that results from the way in which the outcome is assessed B.reduce error that results from subjects' participation in the trial C.reduce error that results from assignment to study conditions D.A and C only E.all of the aboveReset SelectionQuestion 22 of 254.0 PointsWhich types of health issues are likely to be addressed in community trials A.Smoking cessation B.HIV/AIDS C.Healthy eating trials D.All of the above topicsReset SelectionQuestion 23 of 254.0 PointsYou would like to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of delivering health services through your clinic. After selecting a 10% sample of all patient visits during the past six months, you are able to characterize the patient population utilizing your clinic in terms of age, race, sex, method of referral, diagnostic category, therapy provided, method of payment, daily patient load, and clinic staff work schedules. Which type of study design most appropriately characterizes this situation? A.Case-control study B.Prospective cohort study C.Historical prospective cohort study D.Cross-sectional study E.Clinical trial F.Community trialReset SelectionQuestion 24 of 254.0 PointsYou are interested in finding out whether middle-aged men who have premature heartbeats are at greater risk of developing a myocardial infarction (heart attack) than men whose heartbeats are regular. Electrocardiogram (ECG) examinations are performed on all male office employees 35 years of age or older who work for oil companies in Houston. The ECG tracings are classified as irregular or regular. Five years later, myocardial infarction rates are compared between those with and those without baseline ECG irregularities. Which type of study design most appropriately characterizes this situation? A.Community trial B.Cross-sectional study C.Prospective cohort study D.Historical prospective cohort studyReset SelectionQuestion 25 of 254.0 PointsEcological studies are an analytical study design that are advantageous in many ways. Which is not true about the ecological study design? A.they are cost and time effective B.they generally make use of secondary data C.they do not collect data on the individual level of exposure D.they collect data on the individual level of exposure