Question: The leading statement on page 72 indicates many crops show positive responses to a combination of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration...

1. Question:The leading statement on page 72 indicates many crops show positive responses to a combination of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration being ________. 

• [] reduced in combination with low levels of warming 
• [] elevatedwithlowlevelsofwarming 
• [] elevatedincombinationwithhigherlevelsofwarming 

1. According to information on page 72, cereal crops are particularly sensitive to temperature changes. Analysis of crop responses suggests that even moderate ________ in temperature will decrease yields of grains including corn, wheat, beans, and rice. 

[] increase [] decrease 

1. The sensitivity of crops to changes in mean daily temperature can be seen in the figure on page 72. Note that the optimal temperatures for vegetative growth are different than those for seed (corn kernels and soybean) production. Both crops exhibit about the same temperature range for vegetative growth (50 oF to slightly above 100 oF). However, the purple reproductive response curves indicate that, if subjected to the same increasing temperatures, ________ crops would be the first to fail to produce seed. 

[] corn

[] soybean 

1. As seen in the pie chart on page 71 of the report, livestock account for slightly more than half of agricultural production (52% in 2002). On page 78, it is indicated that livestock will be impacted by the anticipated changes in winter and summer temperatures. Generally, the negative effects of higher summer temperatures ________ outweigh the positive impacts of warmer winters on livestock productivity. 

[] will

[] willnot 

1. The first Key Message states that climate disruptions to agricultural production have been occurring and will continue. From the mid-century and onward, these impacts are projected to be increasingly ________. 

[] positive [] negative 

1. The second Key Message indicates many agricultural regions will experience declines in crop and livestock production due to elevated stress due to ________. 

[] weeds

[] diseases

[] insectpests

[] alltheseplusotherclimatechangeinducedstresses 

1. Another Key Message states that the increasing frequency of weather extremes will result in increasingly negative impacts on agricultural productivity because critical thresholds ________ exceeded. 

[] willeventuallybe [] arealreadybeing 

1. Another Key Message points out that climate change will have consequences for food security in the U.S. and globally through changes in crop yields, food prices, and effects on food processing, storage, transportation, and retailing. The message ends with the statement, "Adaptation measures ________ help delay and reduce some of these impacts. 

[] can

[] cannot 

1. On page 47 a figure describes three key climate variables affecting agricultural productivity. According to the captions accompanying the maps, the change in________ has an explicitly stated adaptation potential leading to greater agricultural productivity. 

[] frost-freeseasonlength

[] numberofconsecutivedrydays [] numberofhotnights 

1. The key points appearing on the Food web page and the information following them project that extreme weather, climate variability, and climate change will generally cause crop and livestock production to likely ________ by 2050 and beyond. 

[] improve

[] remainsteady [] decline 

1. The Food web page includes brief descriptions of the food sub-topics the Toolkit addresses. The sub-topics reveal that food resilience goes beyond meeting the impacts of extreme weather, climate variability, and climate change on food production. Other food issues that also must be addressed are ________. 

• [] food distribution 
• [] food safety and nutrition 
• [] international food security 
• [] allofthese 

A food case study already incorporated in the Toolkit can be viewed at AgroClimate.org. 

CCS 10 - 3 - SP18 

AgroClimate is a web resource dealing with risk in agriculture in the________ U.S. 

[] Northeastern [] Southeastern [] Southwestern [] Northwestern 

1. AgroClimate draws on interactive tools and climate information to improve crop management decisions and to reduce production risks associated with ________. 

[] climatevariability

[] climatechange

[] extremeweatherevents [] allofthese 

14. The NCA2 assessment of climate change impacting U.S. ecosystems includes many examples, with most being negative. The complexity of impacts is exemplified on page 81 concerning the breaking up of existing ecosystems. Such breakup will result in the formation of new ecosystems, but with unknown consequences. This is because entire communities of species do not shift intact in response to changing patterns of temperature and/or precipitation. The range and timing of each species shifts in response to________. 

[] itssensitivitytoclimatechange

[] itsmobility

[] itslifespan

[] theavailabilityoftheresourcesitneeds [] allofthese 

1. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an environment. The introductory paragraph on page 50 indicates biodiversity is being impacted by ________. 

• [] alterationinthetimingofcriticalbiologicalevents 
• [] substantialrangeshiftsofmanyspecies 
• [] both of these 

1. Examine the Key Messages: Ecosystems and Biodiversity. The first Key Message states, "Climate change impacts on ecosystems ________ their ability to improve water quality and regulate water flows." 

CCS 10 - 5 - SP18 

• [] have no effect on 
• [] increase 
• [] reduce 

1. One of the Key Messages indicates ________ system management is often more effective, and can help reduce the harm climate disruption might cause. 

[] "onespeciesatatime" [] "whole" 

1. The upper figure on page 51 compares the major North American CO2 sources and sinks. It shows that fossil fuels are the primary sources of human-caused CO2 emissions into the atmosphere while forestland and cropland are the primary places or "sinks" where carbon is stored over the short or long term. According to text on page 51, CO2 emissions from human activities in the U.S. exceeds the ecosystem uptake of carbon dioxide by more than ________ times. 

[]3 []5 []7 

1. The figure on page 52 shows the forest growth rates across the contiguous U.S., which directly correlates with forest CO2 uptake. The forest growth rates vary considerably across the country, with the greatest rates occurring in the forests of parts of the ________ and Southeastern states. 

[] Northeastern [] GreatPlains [] PacificCoastal [] Midwest 

1. According to one of the Key Messages: Forests on the same page, the equivalent of about ________% of the CO2 emitted by the burning of fossil fuels is currently absorbed and stored by U.S. forests and associated wood products. 

[] 16 [] 24 [] 35 [] 52 

21. Another Key Messages: Forests points out that climate change is increasing the 

susceptibility of forests to ecosystem changes and tree mortality through ________. 

[] fire

[] insectinfestations [] drought

[] diseaseoutbreaks [] allofthese 

22. As stated on page 50, "Decisions about land use and land cover can therefore affect ________ how much our climate will change, and what kind of vulnerabilities humans and natural systems will face as a result." 

[] positively

[] negatively

[] positivelyornegatively 

23. According to one Key Message, human activities increased atmospheric CO2 by 40%, and more than ________ the amount of nitrogen available to ecosystems, with similar trends for phosphorus and other elements compared to pre-industrial levels. The Key Message ends, "these changes have major consequences for biogeochemical cycles and climate change." 

[] doubled

[] tripled

[] quadrupled 

24. The impacts of climate change, along with multiple other environmental stresses such as habitat loss and pollution, on ecosystems are expected to disrupt ecosystem processes and ________ the risk of species extinctions. 

[] increase [] decrease