study guide 3 3. Which of the following best describes the indirect ELISA test?

study guide 3

3. Which of the following best describes the indirect ELISA test?

A. It is used to detect the presence of a specific antibody in a sample using a known antigen.

B. It is used to detect the presence of a specific antigen in a sample using a known antigen.

C. It is used to detect the presence of a pathogen's DNA in a sample.

D. It relies on cultivation of the target microbe from the patient or sample.

E. It is used to determine whether a pathogen is Gram negative or Gram positive.

4. Which of the following is an example of a lymphocyte?

A. Red blood cells

B. Platelets

C. Neutrophils

D. Macrophages

E. B cells

5. Which of the following is an important virulence factor for Staphylococcus aureus?

A. Hyaluronidase

B. Coagulase

C. Exfoliative toxins A and B

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

6. How is fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome important in phagocytosis?

A. Fusion helps to expel the pathogen from the phagocytic cell.

B. This fusion forms the phagolysosome and exposes phagosome contents to digestive enzymes and

antimicrobial chemicals.

C. Fusion aids in recognition of the pathogen.

D. Fusion helps the phagocytic cell to avoid destruction by other host cells.

E. Fusion allows the pathogen to survive within the phagocytic cell, and is an important virulence factor

in all pathogens.

7. Why is biofilm formation important for both dental caries and periodontal disease?

A. It prevents growth of all microbes except the pathogen.

B. It allows for generation of anaerobic environments that promote production of acid and/or growth of

strict anaerobes.

C. It prevents generation of anaerobic environments and favors growth of strict aerobes which are

responsible for acid production and pathogenesis in these diseases.

D. It allows for better spread of the causative agents of these diseases from one host to another.

8. Which of the following processes involves small changes in the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase

(N) antigens due to point mutations and is most responsible for the need to produce a new vaccine for

the influenza virus each year?

A. antigenic drift

B. antigenic shift

C. reverse transcription

D. B cell activation

E. autoimmunity

9. Exchange of segments of the RNA genome from two different influenza viruses that infect the same

host can result in ______________, potentially causing large changes in the virus that can result in

pandemic strains.

A. antigenic drift

B. antigenic shift

C. reverse transcription

D. B cell activation

E. autoimmunity

10. Several anti-retroviral drugs such as AZT target the enzyme ____________ and thereby prevent

conversion of the HIV RNA genome to DNA, a necessary step in the infection cycle of this virus.

A. protease

B. staphylokinase

C. reverse transcriptase

D. RNA primase

E. coagulase