The conversion of amino acids and fatty acids (things that were not carbohydrates) into carbohydrates is called?

The conversion of amino acids and fatty acids (things that were not carbohydrates) into carbohydrates is called?

a) glycogenesis

b) glycogenolysis

c) gluconeogenesis

d) carbogenesis

e) aminolipogenesis

Triglycerides are absorbed from the intestinal lumen by moving across the intestinal mucosa into?

a) lacteal and into lymph

b) hepatic portal vein

c) blood capillaries

d) bile

e) none of the above

A patient presents to the ER with abdominal pain. They describe the pain as a burning cramping pain coming from the lower abdomen. Diagnostic work reveals the patient to have colitis. This diffuse type of abdominal pain is categorized as?

a) somatic pain

b) visceral pain

c) intrinsic pain

d) extrinsic pain

e) excruciating pain

All of the following are associated with liver disease except?

a) jaundice

b) ascites

c) increased levels of blood ammonia

d) hyperkalemia

e) decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with?

a) hyperkalemia

b) hyperbilirubinemia

c) toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells

d) increased blood ammonia levels

e) elevated serum lipase levels

Blood vessel that supplies liver hepatocytes with blood rich in nutrients that have been absorbed by the digestive tract?

a) hepatic artery

b) hepatic portal vein

c) hepatic vein

d) vena cava

e) central vein

Type of hormone that would NOT use direct gene action?

a) cortiocosteroids

b) estrogen

c) hydrocortisone

d) aldosterone

e) all of the above use direct gene action

Hormone that has increased in your blood due to stress?

a) aldosterone

b) thyroid hormone

c) estrogen

d) glucocorticoid

e) parathyroid hormone

Epinepherine works as a hormone by ending to a cell receptor which then?

a) activate cell enzymes > activates protein kinases > converts ATP to cyclic AMP > activates G-protein

b) converts ATP to cyclic AMP > activates protein kinases > activates G- proteins > activates cell enzymes

c) activates G- protein > converts ATP cyclic AMP > activates protein kinases > activates cell enzymes

d) activates cell enzymes > activates G- proteins > converts ATP to cyclic AMP > activates protein kinases

e) activates G- proteins > activates protein kinase > converts ATP to cyclic AMP > activates cell enzymes

A patient presents to the ER in an Addisonian crisis. Their drop in adrenal cortex hormones was caused after they abruptly stopped taking the prednisone (corticosteroid) that was used to treat their autoimmune disease. What led to the drop in adrenal cortex hormones?

a) Prednisone increases the levels of CRH, which decreases the levels of adrenal cortex hormones

b) autoimmune disease produces glucocorticoids which inhibit CRH which inhibits the release of TSH

c) The autoimmune disease produces antibodies that mimic TRH, which decreases the production of ACTH

d) Prednisone decreases the release of ACTH which causes atrophy of the adrenal cortex

e) an increase in ACTH causes an increase in CRH which by negative feedback will decrease adrenal cortex hormones

Cushing syndrome is associated with?

a) decreased levels of ACTH

b) increased levels of PTH

c) increased levels of glucocorticoids

d) decreased levels of glucocorticoids

e) decreased levels of insulin

Which of the following clinical finding is not usually associated with the 1 diabetes mellitus?

a) polyuria

b) polyphagia

c) obesity

d) low insulin levels

e) hyperglycemia

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in?

a) increased transport of glucose into the cell

b) gluconeogenesis

c) glycogenolysis

d) increased transport of ATP into the cell

e) conversion of amino acids into glucose

The polyuria of Type 1 diabetes is caused by?

a) polydipsia

b) polyphagia

c) hyperglycemia overwhelming glucose transport proteins in kidney nephron

d) lack of glucose receptors

e) lack of insulin receptors used to transport insulin across cells