The level of college education and wages earned are known to have a strong positive association. Karen concluded that a college education causes

The level of college education and wages earned are known to have a strong positive association. Karen concluded that a college education causes higher earnings. Is Karen's conclusion valid? Explain.

 A.Karen's conclusion is not valid because association does not imply causation.

 B.Karen's conclusion is valid because association does imply causation.

 C.Karen's conclusion is not valid because causation does not imply association.

 D.Karen's conclusion is valid because causation does imply association.