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The R Structure PROTEINS { {Villas account for more than 50% of the dry mass of a cell . They have a multitude of Functions and play a__ speed up...

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The RStructurePROTEINS{ {Villas account for more than 50% of the dry mass of a cell . They have a multitude of Functions and play a__speed up chemical reactions including thein almost every activity of organisms . `reaction used in thereaction used to form polymers and the hsuch as insulin help to coordinate an organism's activities .digestion of polymers . ALdefend organisms against pathogens . Some proteins such as casein and albumen act asmolecules for amino acids in developing embryos . Other proteins act as tfor movingmolecules for moving substances across cell membranes , Or , as in the case of hoxygen from the !proteins such as keratin and collagento other parts of the body . Sprovide support . Contractile and motor proteins such as actin and mare responsible for musclemovement . Rproteins built into cell membranes detect chemical signals in the environment .Proteins are polymers of monomers known as a. There are 20 differentEach one contains a c_ or alpha ( a ) , carbon attached to two functionalgroups : a cgroup and an agroup . The adiffer from eachother by the nature of a third group attached to the central , or a( ) , carbon called thegroup . This_ group may be ionic ( charged ) , polar ChJ. or !( hydrophobic ) . Since acarbon atom must have .( how many ? ) bonds , a hydrogen atom also is attached to the cOFalpha ( QC ) , carbon .Amino acids link to each other through adreaction in which a wmolecule isremoved . The covalent bond that is formed between two amino acids is called a Dbond . The moleculethat results from joining many amino acids in a linear chain is called a pA protein is defined as abiologically functional molecule made up of one or more !each folded and coiled into a specificthree - dimensional shape . This specific three- dimensional shape determines how a protein functions and is dependent uponthe sof amino acids in the polypeptide chain ( s ) . Thissof amino acids in thepolypeptide chain ( s ) is called the pstructure . A protein's sstructure results fromturns and folds in the polypeptide chain that are stabilized by hbonding along the polypeptidebackbone . The secondary coiling of the peptide backbone is called an awhereasthe secondary parallel folding in the peptide backbone is called a bsheet
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