This practice sample lab is not intended to submit a tutor's work as my own. I am stuck trying to figure of the rock types before a huge lab exam...

This practice sample lab is not intended to submit a tutor's work as my own. I am stuck trying to figure of the rock types before a huge lab exam next week in my Geology class. This work again, is a practice lab that we have been give to practice before the exam which is work a huge part of our grade. If I can get someone to help me solve and study this PRACTICE LAB I think I should be fine. Thank you!

Also these links can be copied and pasted on to google and the website will pop off right there and then.

Again, THANK YOU! I hope to heat from you soon!

•  http://geode.net/sedimentary-rock-sample-set/
• https://learn.vccs.edu/courses/190905/files/45475002/download?wrap=1

Question 1

Examine sample A.

What is the sorting of A?

well sorted

moderately sorted

poorly sorted

Question 2

Examine sample A. 

What is the grain roundness of sample A? 

very angular

subangular

subround

well-rounded

Question 3

Examine sample A. 

What is the composition of sample A?

rock fragments

quartz grains

feldspar grains

clay

Question 4

Name sample A.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 5

Think about the characteristics of sample A, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Question 6

Examine sample B.

What is the sorting of sample B?

well sorted

moderately sorted

poorly sorted

Question 7

Examine sample B. 

What is the grain roundness of sample B? 

very angular

subangular

subround

well-rounded

8

Examine sample B. 

What is the composition of sample B? (What minerals is it made of?)

rock fragments (with hematite cement)

quartz grains (with hematite cement)

feldspar grains (with hematite cement)

clay (with hematite cement)

9

Examine sample B. 

Name sample B.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

 10

Think about the characteristics of sample B, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

11

Think about the characteristics of sample B, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Question 12

Examine sample C.

Sample C is a quartz sandstone with red claystone "rip-up" clasts. The red color in the mudstone is due to oxidation of iron in the mud. This implies a depositional setting (sedimentary environment) that was rich in free oxygen.

Given that sand is deposited under moderately-energetic current conditions and clay is deposited in low-energy water (i.e., still water), then what does the presence of the claystone "rip-up" clasts surrounded by sandstone tell you about how water energy must have changed at this location when these sediments were deposited (i.e., before they were lithified to make sedimentary rock)?

It indicates that the energy / strength of the water currents must have stayed the same over time.

It indicates that the energy / strength of the water currents must have decreased over time.

It indicates that the energy / strength of the water currents must have increased over time.

Question 13

Examine sample C.

There is a prominent sedimentary structure to be seen in this sample

raindrop impressions

graded bed(s)

current ripple marks (also called "asymmetrical ripple marks")

cross-bedding

bimodal cross-bedding

wave ripple marks (also called "symmetrical ripple marks" or "oscillation ripple marks")

mudcrack(s) (also called dessication cracks)

salt cast(s) (preserved cubic shapes of halite crystals, now formed from sedimentary rock)

flute(s)

flute cast(s)

fossil plant roots (trace fossils)

animal burrows (trace fossils)

animal tracks, trackways, and trails (trace fossils)

body fossils (once-living tissue or skeletal material)

Question 14

Interpret sample C.

Based on the sedimentary structure you identified in the previous question, what interpretive statement can you make about the conditions under which this sediment was deposited?

It must have been on the land.

It must have been exposed to the air.

It must have had flowing currents of water.

It must have been deposited in a swampy environment with stagnant water.

It must have been in a shallow water environment where waves could reach the bottom.

It must have been in the deep ocean, deposited by turbidity currents.

Question 15

Take another look at the sedimentary structure in sample C.

Which way was the water moving when this sedimentary structure formed?

from left to right

from right to left

Question 16

Take another look at the sedimentary structure in sample C.

Based on the way we understand this sedimentary structure to form, is this sample right-side-up or up-side-down? [Consult Figure 6.12 in your lab manual (page 169-170).]

 right-side-up

up-side-down

Question 17

Examine sample D.

Sample D is a graywacke sandstone. Two views are provided: On the left, an original view. On the right, the sample has been flipped and cut into four pieces. Each of the pieces has been rotated around a vertical axis (like looking at the face of a slice of bread). The dark gray color (particularly of the finer-grained portion) is indicative of high levels of organic carbon and dark clay (with reduced iron).

What does this implies a depositional setting (sedimentary environment) in terms of its oxygen levels?

It indicates that the depositional setting was relatively low in free oxygen.

It indicates that the depositional setting was relatively high in free oxygen.

Question 18

Examine sample D.

There is a prominent sedimentary structure to be seen in this sample.

raindrop impressions

graded bed(s)

current ripple marks (also called "asymmetrical ripple marks")

cross-bedding

bimodal cross-bedding

wave ripple marks (also called "symmetrical ripple marks" or "oscillation ripple marks")

mudcrack(s) (also called dessication cracks)

salt cast(s) (preserved cubic shapes of halite crystals, now formed from sedimentary rock)

flute(s)

flute cast(s)

fossil plant roots (trace fossils)

animal burrows (trace fossils)

animal tracks, trackways, and trails (trace fossils)

body fossils (once-living tissue or skeletal material)

Question 19

Interpret sample D.

Based on the sedimentary structure you identified in the previous question, what interpretive statement can you make about the conditions under which this sediment was deposited?

It must have been on the land.

It must have been exposed to the air.

It must have had flowing currents of water.

It must have been deposited in a swampy environment with stagnant water.

It must have been in a shallow water environment where waves could reach the bottom.

It must have been in the deep ocean, deposited by turbidity currents.

Question 20

Take another look at the sedimentary structure in sample D.

Based on the way we understand this sedimentary structure to form, is the original sample (i.e., the one at the left side of the screen) right-side-up or up-side-down?

 right-side-up

up-side-down

Question 21

Examine the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J. Each is displayed in a petri dish 9 cm in diameter.

Which of the 6 sand samples is dominated by ooids?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 22

Examine the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J. Each is displayed in a petri dish 9 cm in diameter.

Which of the 6 sand samples is dominated by olivine?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 23

Examine the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J. Each is displayed in a petri dish 9 cm in diameter.

Which of the 6 sand samples is dominated by coarse quartz sand?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 24

Examine the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J. Each is displayed in a petri dish 9 cm in diameter.

Which of the 6 sand samples is dominated by fine quartz sand stained with iron oxide?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 25

Compare the loose sand samples G and H.

Which of the 2 sand samples is is derived from rocks with a significant quartz content?

G

H

Question 26

Compare the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J.

Which of the 6 sand samples is most likely from Hawaii?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 27

Compare the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J.

Which of the 6 sand samples is most likely from Virginia Beach, Virginia?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 28

Compare the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J.

Which of the 6 sand samples is most likely from the Bahamas?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 29

Compare the loose sand samples E, F, G, H, I, and J.

Windblown sand is typically finer-grained, better-sorted, and more well-rounded than water-transported sand.

Bearing this in mind, which of the 6 sand samples is most likely from sand dunes in Dubai?

E

F

G

H

I

J

Question 30

Compare samples K and L.

Both would fizz if you applied acid to them. Both contain fossils. However, there are some key differences to be noted.

Based on color, which specimen was deposited under higher-oxygen conditions?

K

L

Question 31

Compare samples K and L.

Both show aquatic organisms. However, one shows organisms that live in freshwater (lakes, rivers), while the other shows organisms that live in the ocean (marine water).

Which sample was deposited in marine (oceanic) conditions?

K

L

Question 32

Examine sample K. Bear in mind that it would fizz if you applied hydrochloric acid to it.

Name sample K.

Figure 6.9 on page 164 of the lab manual may be useful.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 33

Copy of

Examine sample K. Bear in mind that it would fizz if you applied hydrochloric acid to it.

Name sample K.

Figure 6.9 on page 164 of the lab manual may be useful.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 34

Examine sample L. Bear in mind that it would fizz if you applied hydrochloric acid to it.

Name sample L.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 35

You have now identified both samples K and L.

Both are fossil-bearing, but only one was "fossiliferous limestone." What appears to be the critical variable that distinguishes "fossiliferous limestone" from a massive limestone like micrite that happens to have a fossil or two in it?

Fossiliferous limestones must be dark-colored.

Fossiliferous limestones must be dominated by fossils: the fossils must make up a significant volume of the rock itself. In other words, the rock is defined by it's prodigous fossil content.

Question 36

Compare samples M and N.

Both show fossils. However, one shows organisms that live on land, while the other shows organisms that live in the ocean (marine water).

Which sample was deposited in marine (oceanic) conditions?

M

N

Question 37

Examine samples M and N again.

Both show fossils. However, one shows relatively recent organisms, while the other shows relatively ancient organisms.

How old is sample M?

Quaternary

Neogene

Paleogene

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Pennsylvanian

Mississippian

Devonian

Silurian

Ordovician

Cambrian

Question 38

Examine samples M and N again.

Both show fossils. However, one shows relatively recent organisms, while the other shows relatively ancient organisms.

How old is sample N?

Quaternary

Neogene

Paleogene

Cretaceous

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Pennsylvanian

Mississippian

Devonian

Silurian

Ordovician

Cambrian

Question 39

Examine sample O. It would fizz if you applied hydrochloric acid to it.

Name sample O.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 40

Sample O was photographed in west Texas. It is Cretaceous in age (145-65 million years old). What does this imply about the past?

During the Cretaceous, west Texas was below sea level.

During the Cretaceous, west Texas was a rift valley.

During the Cretaceous, west Texas was experiencing an orogeny.

During the Cretaceous, west Texas was a spot where rivers were flowing strongly through their main channels, and occasionally flooding their floodplains with mud.

Question 41

Think about the characteristics of sample O, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment; see Figure 6.10 on page 165) where it would have formed. Your interpretation should be consistent with the physical characteristics that you have noted for the sample.

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Question 42

Examine samples P and Q.

P shows a quartet of small rock samples, each a few centimeters long. Originally, they were collected in West Virginia.

Q is an outcrop in West Virginia, a few miles from where the samples of P were collected.

Both are the same geologic formation (or geologic unit). Both would fizz if you first crushed them up to powder, and added hydrochloric acid to that powder.

Name the sedimentary rock that makes up both samples P and Q.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 43

Examine sample P.

raindrop impressions

graded bed(s)

current ripple marks (also called "asymmetrical ripple marks")

cross-bedding

bimodal cross-bedding

wave ripple marks (also called "symmetrical ripple marks" or "oscillation ripple marks")

mudcrack(s) (also called dessication cracks)

salt cast(s) (preserved cubic shapes of halite crystals, now formed from sedimentary rock)

flute(s)

flute cast(s)

fossil plant roots (trace fossils)

animal burrows (trace fossils)

animal tracks, trackways, and trails (trace fossils)

body fossils (once-living tissue or skeletal material)

Question 44

Examine sample Q.

There is a prominent sedimentary structure to be seen in this sample. .

raindrop impressions

graded bed(s)

current ripple marks (also called "asymmetrical ripple marks")

cross-bedding

bimodal cross-bedding

wave ripple marks (also called "symmetrical ripple marks" or "oscillation ripple marks")

mudcrack(s) (also called dessication cracks)

salt cast(s) (preserved cubic shapes of halite crystals, now formed from sedimentary rock)

flute(s)

flute cast(s)

fossil plant roots (trace fossils)

animal burrows (trace fossils)

animal tracks, trackways, and trails (trace fossils)

body fossils (once-living tissue or skeletal material)

Question 45

Think about the characteristics of samples P and Q, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment where they would have formed. Your interpretation should be consistent with the physical characteristics that you have noted for the sample.

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Question 46

If your interpretation of the depositional setting of samples P and Q is correct (evaporating, supersaturated water), then what other rock type may also be associated with this same formation?

breccia

quartz sandstone

arkose

shale

peat

bituminous coal

coquina

chalk

micrite

rock salt

ironstone

chert

Question 47

Examine sample R. It would not fizz if you applied hydrochloric acid to it.

Name sample R.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 48

Think about the characteristics of sample R, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment where it would have formed. Your interpretation should be consistent with the physical characteristics that you have noted for the sample.

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Question 49

Think about the characteristics of sample R, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment where it would have formed. Your interpretation should be consistent with the physical characteristics that you have noted for the sample.

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Question 50

Examine sample S. Note (a) that it would not fizz if you applied hydrochloric acid to it, and (b) it would break with a conchoidal fracture, and (c) it can scratch glass.

Name sample S.

breccia

conglomerate

quartz sandstone

arkose

lithic sandstone

graywacke

siltstone

shale

claystone

peat

lignite

bituminous coal

coquina

fossiliferous limestone

chalk

micrite

oolitic limestone

travertine

dolostone

rock salt

rock gypsum

ironstone

chert

Question 51

Think about the characteristics of sample S, and offer an interpretation for the depositional setting (sedimentary environment; see Figure 6.10 on page 165) where it would have formed. Your interpretation should be consistent with the physical characteristics that you have noted for the sample.

evaporating playa lake

hot springs

bog or swamp

glacier

debris at base of cliff / alluvial fan

river channel

river floodplain

lake

delta (where a river flows into a standing body of water like a lake or the ocean)

sand dunes

beach

shallow sea (clastic sediment)

shallow sea (carbonate bank)

carbonate reef

turbidity current (deep sea fan) on the continental slope

deep sea (abyssal plain)

Flag this Question

Question 52

1 pts

Describe the energy of the water which deposited sample S, and offer a justification why you made that choice.

Calm water, since it is so coarse-grained.

Calm water, since it is red.

Calm water, since it is fine-grained and very thinly laminated.

High-energy currents, since it is so coarse-grained.

High-energy currents, since it is red.

High-energy currents, since it is so fine-grained and thinly-laminated.

Question 53

Examine the coarse-grained samples T, U, V, and W.

Which of the 4 samples features clasts of vesicular basalt?

T

U

V

W

Question 54

Examine the coarse-grained samples T, U, V, and W.

Which of the 4 samples features clasts of granite?

T

U

V

W

Question 55

Examine the coarse-grained samples T, U, V, and W.

Which of the 4 samples features well-rounded clasts of green mudrock?

T

U

V

W

Question 56

Examine the coarse-grained samples T, U, V, and W.

Which of the 4 samples is unlithified?

T

U

V

W

Question 57

Examine the coarse-grained samples T, U, V, and W.

Which of the 4 samples features clasts that are the most angular of the group?

T

U

V

W

Question 58

Examine sample X.

There is a prominent sedimentary structure to be seen in this sample

raindrop impressions

graded bed(s)

current ripple marks (also called "asymmetrical ripple marks")

cross-bedding

bimodal cross-bedding

wave ripple marks (also called "symmetrical ripple marks" or "oscillation ripple marks")

mudcrack(s) (also called dessication cracks)

salt cast(s) (preserved cubic shapes of halite crystals, now formed from sedimentary rock)

flute(s)

flute cast(s)

fossil plant roots (trace fossils)

animal burrows (trace fossils)

animal tracks, trackways, and trails (trace fossils)

body fossils (once-living tissue or skeletal material)

Question 59

Interpret sample X.

Based on the sedimentary structure you identified in the previous question, what interpretive statement can you make about the conditions under which this sediment was deposited?

It must have been on the land.

It must have been exposed to the air.

It must have had flowing currents of water.

It must have been deposited in a swampy environment with stagnant water.

It must have been in a shallow water environment where waves could reach the bottom.

It must have been in the deep ocean, deposited by turbidity currents.

Question 60

Examine sample Y.

Sample Y is a sandstone. Note its color.

What does this implies a depositional setting (sedimentary environment) in terms of its oxygen levels?

It indicates that the depositional setting was relatively low in free oxygen.

It indicates that the depositional setting was relatively high in free oxygen.

Question 61

Examine sample Z.

There are two prominent sedimentary structures to be seen in these samples. One are the empty cylindrical tubes. These are ancient animal burrows. Identify the other primary sedimentary structure,

raindrop impressions

graded bed(s)

current ripple marks (also called "asymmetrical ripple marks")

cross-bedding

bimodal cross-bedding

wave ripple marks (also called "symmetrical ripple marks" or "oscillation ripple marks")

mudcrack(s) (also called dessication cracks)

salt cast(s) (preserved cubic shapes of halite crystals, now formed from sedimentary rock)

flute(s)

flute cast(s)

fossil plant roots (trace fossils)

animal burrows (trace fossils)

animal tracks, trackways, and trails (trace fossils)

body fossils (once-living tissue or skeletal material)

Question 62

Interpret sample Z.

Based on the sedimentary structure you identified in the previous question, what interpretive statement can you make about the conditions under which this sediment was deposited?

It must have been on the land.

It must have been exposed to the air.

It must have had flowing currents of water and these currents switched direction periodically.

It must have been deposited in a swampy environment with stagnant water.

It must have been in a shallow water environment where waves could reach the bottom.

It must have been in the deep ocean, deposited by turbidity currents.