To study the effects of location and music on studying, a researcher selects 100 college students at random and has them study 2 hours for a...

To study the effects of location and music on studying, a researcher selects 100 college students at random and has them study 2 hours for a standardized test. Half of the students study in a familiar location (their dorm room), and the other half study in an unfamiliar location (a study desk at the library). Within each group, music is played for half of the students and no music is played for the other half. After 2 hours of study time, all of the students take the standardized test and their scores are compared. Which of these terms best describes the combination of being in an unfamiliar location and having no music playing?