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Ethernet Options.  Please respond to the following:

• Compare the advantages of ATM and Gigabit Ethernet technologies as high-speed networking solutions. Describe how to migrate from Fast Ethernet to Gigabit Ethernet, and to 10-Gbps Ethernet. 
• Compare and contrast the advantages of Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gbps Ethernet.

Classmates:

• Compare the advantages of ATM and Gigabit Ethernet technologies as high-speed networking solutions. Describe how to migrate from Fast Ethernet to Gigabit Ethernet, and to 10-Gbps Ethernet. 

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), a comprehensive connection-oriented transmission protocol based on fixed-length cells, or "packets," of 53 bytes each spanning both LANs and WANs. Its developers designed ATM to integrate voice, video, and data into one network. ATM sets up end-to-end virtual connections before transferring data and negotiates quality of service (QoS) during the connection setup. The protocol is independent of transfer rates so it can seamlessly scale from a few megabits to multiple gigabits per second. The User Network Interface (UNI) and the Network to Network Interface (NNI) specify traffic routing and management for both public networks (telephone companies) and private networks. 

ATM advantages is that ATM's main selling point has been the fact that ATM, unlike most other protocols, can carry voice, video, data, imaging, and graphics either separately or simultaneously on the same link. This is due to ATM's small, fixed-length cell as well as its QoS (Quality of Service) parameters. However, the disadvantage of QoS is that it takes up unnecessary bandwidth for applications that don't need this service.

Gigabit Ethernet (GE), the IEEE P802.3z proposed standard to increase Ethernet's data-transfer rate to 1000 Mbps. By following the example of Fast Ethernet, in which only the physical layer changed, GE will maintain full compatibility with existing Ethernet nodes and simultaneously increases the bandwidth to 1000 Mbps at the MAC to physical-layer interface. Other objectives include full- and half-duplex operating ATM vs. Gigabit Ethernet For High Speed LANS CS533A-Introduction to Networking 5 modes; retaining the CSMA/CD method for half-duplex mode and IEEE P802.3x flow control for full-duplex mode; and distances of 500m on multimode fiber, 3 km on single-mode fiber-optic links, and 25m on copper. Another GE goal is to extend the copper link to 100m over Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair cable and meeting these goals for only two to three times what 100-Mbit Ethernet costs. Plans are to adopt the 1-Gbps Fibre Channel physical layer and speed it to 1.25 Gbps to account for the 8b/10b coding, so actual data throughput is 1 Gbps

The advantages of using Gigabit Ethernet is that in order to carry traffic from higher level protocols, both ATM and Gigabit Ethernet must encapsulate that traffic. When carrying typical LAN traffic, Gigabit Ethernet has lower overhead per higher level packet than ATM. Ethernet is well-understood and nearly plug and play. ATM network configuration is rather difficult with many arcane parameters at the switch and the workstation. ATM takes time to install and requires a bit of expertise. This in turn directly affects the total costs of the technology.

One disadvantage of Gigabit Ethernet is that the standards are not complete. In order to implement Gigabit Ethernet today, pre-standard products must be used. This may cause a problem if products from different manufactures are used on the same LAN. ATM standards for data traffic are complete. This means that ATM products from different manufactures that adhere to the standards will operate with each other.

To migrate from Fast Ethernet to Gigabit Ethernet, we need to upgrade a lot of networking pieces that support Gigabit Ethernet protocol including switches, cables, motherboards, network interface cards, and networking configuration on those parts to fully enable the Gigabit Ethernet.

References,

https://www.rivier.edu/faculty/vriabov/cs553a_Project_Tsai.pdf

https://www.studypool.com/discuss/1523096/-Compare-the-advantages-of-ATM-and-Gigabit-Ethernet-technologies-computer-science-homework-help?free

http://www.ele.uri.edu/Courses/ele548/sp99/ko2.pdf

Compare and contrast the advantages of Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gbps Ethernet.

Ethernet is a system of LAN used to connect the multiple systems to develop a LAN (Local Area Network). Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, both are used to accomplish this purpose. But some differences areas on the matter of coverage, speed and configuration.

Fast Ethernet carry on the traffic at the rate of 100 Mbit per second. Usual speed of Ethernet is 10 Mbit/s. Fast Ethernet was upgraded by improving the speed and reducing the bit. In standard Ethernet, bit was transmitting in one second and in Fast Ethernet it takes 0.01 microsecond for one bit to transmit

Gigabit Ethernet carry on the traffic at the rate of 1000 Mbit per second, Gigabit Ethernet performed faster than Fast Ethernet. Gigabit Ethernet provides the more enhanced and faster network to the user as compared the traditional Fast Ethernet. It supports the almost all operating systems and devices that support the internet. Gigabit Ethernet is suitable for a faster transfer rate. It increases the speed and minimize the transfer speed and enable the users to enjoy the streaming at high bandwidth rates without interaction from the external devices.

10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE), transmits Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×109 or 10 billion bits per second). It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard. Unlike previous Ethernet standards, 10 Gigabit Ethernet defines only full duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by network switches; shared-medium CSMA/CD operation has not been carried over from the previous generations Ethernet standards. Half duplex operation and repeater hubs do not exist in 10GbE.

Maximum length of 10 km network can be achieved in Fast Ethernet, if 100BASE-LX10 version is being used. While 70 km network length can be achieved in Gigabit Ethernet, if Single Mode Fiber (1,310 nm wavelength) is being used as a medium

Fast Ethernet is economical but provides the slow transfer speed as compared to the Gigabit Ethernet that provides the faster transfer rate but is very expensive. The ports of Gigabit Ethernet cost four times the price per port of Fast Ethernet.

Manual configuration is the must-have element in the setup of Gigabit Ethernet where most of the devices required prior configuration in order to be compatible with Gigabit Ethernet. While in Fast Ethernet there is no scene of configuration as connected devices automatically configured according to the requirement of Fast Ethernet.

References,http://www.differencebtw.com/difference-between-fast-ethernet-and-gigabit-ethernet/http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Ethernet-vs-Fast-Ethernet-vs-Gigabit-Ethernet.html