What are the steps of glycolysis?

WARNING. This is a VERY LONG answer because there are 10 steps to glycolysis.

Step 1. Phosphorylation of Glucose

##underbrace("C"_6"H"_12"O"_6)_color(red)("glucose") + "ATP" stackrel("hexokinase")(→) "ADP" + underbrace("C"_6"H"_11"O"_6"P")_color(red)("glucose 6-phosphate")##

Step 2. Isomerization of Glucose 6-Phosphate

##underbrace("C"_6"H"_11"O"_6"P")_color(red)("glucose 6-phosphate") stackrel("phosphoglucoisomerase")( →) underbrace("C"_6"H"_11"O"_6"P")_color(red)("fructose 6-phosphate")##

Step 3. Phosphorylation of Fructose 6-Phosphate

## underbrace("C"_6"H"_11"O"_6"P")_color(red)("fructose 6-phosphate") + "ATP" stackrel("phosphofructokinase")(→) underbrace("C"_6"H"_10"O"_6"P"_2) _color(red)("fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate") + "ADP"##

Step 4. Cleavage into 3-Carbon Fragments

##underbrace("C"_6"H"_10"O"_6"P"_2) _color(red)("fructose 1,6-bisphosphate") stackrel("aldolase")(→) underbrace("C"_3"H"_5"O"_3"P")_color(red)("dihydroxyacetone phosphate") + underbrace("C"_3"H"_5"O"_3"P")_color(red)("glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate")##

Step 5. Tautomerization of the isomers

##underbrace("C"_3"H"_5"O"_3"P")_color(red)("dihydroxyacetone phosphate") stackrel("triose phosphate isomerase")(⇌) underbrace("C"_3"H"_5"O"_3"P")_color(red)("glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate")##

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is on the direct pathway of glycolysis, but dihydroxyacetone phosphate is not.

The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase rapidly interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate so that it can be used to generate ##"ATP"##.

The net result for Steps 4 and 5 is

##underbrace("C"_6"H"_10"O"_6"P"_2) _color(red)("fructose 1,6-bisphosphate") → underbrace("2C"_3"H"_5"O"_3"P")_color(red)("glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate")##

Step 6. Oxidative Phosphorylation

##underbrace("2C"_3"H"_5"O"_3"P")_color(red)("glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate") + "2NAD"^+ + "2HP"_i stackrel("glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase")(→) underbrace("2C"_3"H"_4"O"_4"P"_2)_color(red)("1,3-bisphosphoglycerate")+ "2NADH" + "2H"^+##

Step 7. Formation of ##"ATP"##

##underbrace("2C"_3"H"_4"O"_4"P"_2)_color(red)("1,3-bisphosphoglycerate") + "2ADP" stackrel("phosphoglycerokinase")( →) underbrace("2C"_3"H"_5"O"_4"P")_color(red)("3-phosphoglycerate") + "2ATP"##

Step 8. Isomerization of 3-Phosphoglycerate

## underbrace("2C"_3"H"_5"O"_4"P")_color(red)("3-phosphoglycerate") stackrel("phosphoglyceromutase")(→) underbrace("2C"_3"H"_5"O"_4"P")_color(red)("2-phosphoglycerate")##

Step 9. Dehydration of 2-Phosphoglycerate

##underbrace("2C"_3"H"_5"O"_4"P")_color(red)("2-phosphoglycerate") stackrel("enolase") (→) underbrace("2C"_3"H"_3"O"_3"P")_color(red)("2-phosphoenolpyruvate") + "2H"_2"O"##

Step 10. Formation of ##"ATP"##

##underbrace("2C"_3"H"_3"O"_3"P")_color(red)("2-phosphoenolpyruvate") + "2ADP" stackrel("pyruvate kinase")( →) underbrace("2C"_3"H"_3"O"_3)_color(red)("pyruvate") + "2ATP"##

Here is a summary of the metabolic pathway: