What are the Synoptic Gospels and to what does the term "Synoptic Problem" refer? Are there really any problems with the Synoptic Gospels?

1. What are the Synoptic Gospels and to what does the term “Synoptic Problem” refer? Are there really any problems with the Synoptic Gospels? Do the differences found in the Synoptic Gospels present a threat to their validity for understanding the ministry and teachings of Jesus Christ or the historical events concerning his life and resurrection?
2. Define the following terms and explain from whom they originated: The Augustinian View; Literary Independence; Markan Priority; Matthean Priority; The Two-Gospel Hypothesis (or “Theory”); The Two-Document (or “Source”) Hypothesis; The Farrer-Goulder Hypothesis. Which hypothesis do you think best explains the literary relationship between the Synoptic Gospels?
3. What are “Form Criticism,” “Source Criticism,” and “Redaction Criticism”? How are they different? Which one is most useful for addressing the Synoptic Problem and why? What is the value of investigating the individual contributions and emphases found in each of the Synoptic Gospels?  Use " rethinking the synoptic problem" black and beck, and 

The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament, Second Edition Copyright 2009, 2016 by Andreas Kostenberger, L. Scott Kellum, and Charles L. Quarles